走進哈佛大學：唐納噴泉

Once upon a time, if you planned on splashing water around in a decorative manner, you were expected to provide a basin in which the water could be collected afterward. In a long history reaching back to the Rome Empire, fountains had always had basins. The Tanner Fountain at Harvard, however, broke the rule. It was created without a basin in 1985，and therefore was an innovation and transformed fountain design. In 2008，the Tanner Fountain was honored with the Landmark Award by the American Society of Landscape Architects (ALSA) and the National Trust for Historic Preservation.

如果你打算讓噴泉四處噴水并起到裝飾作用，估計就要準備一個水池來收集水。 從羅馬帝國開始，噴泉一直都有水池。然而哈佛的唐納噴泉卻打破了這個規(guī)則。唐納 噴泉建立于1985年，沒有水池，因此很有創(chuàng)意，并改變了整個噴泉設計。2008年唐 納噴泉榮獲由美國景觀設計師協(xié)會(ALSA)和國家文物保護信托基金會頒布的地標獎。

Designed by Peter Walker who is a Minimalist, the tanner fountain is a classic example of “less is more”. It is made up of 159 granit boulders cleared from regional farms at the turn of the century and thus recalling the arduous process by which the first settlers to New England cleared the fields. The boulders are arranged in a circle around a cloud of mist that changes with the light and seasons. In the spring, summer, and fall the water emit a mist that hovers like a cloud above the stones. At the center of the circle, where the stones appear to be most dense, the water mist produces a scrim that visually dematerialized the stones. The mist is refracted by daylight to produce rainbows. At night lights charge the mist with mysterious glow. In the winter, when mist would freeze, the stones are shrouded with steam from the university heating plant. When quiescent, the fountain becomes the underpinning for the elegant displays of snow that Cambridge so unfailingly provides.

唐納噴泉的設計者皮特•沃克是個極簡主義者,該噴泉是“少即是多”的經(jīng)典例子。噴泉由159塊花崗巖組成，這些花崗巖都 是世紀初從當?shù)剞r(nóng)場回收過來的，由此可 以回想起第一批到達新英格蘭的殖民者開 墾荒地的艱難過程。這些巖石圍成一個圓 形，中間是一團霧氣，隨燈光和季節(jié)的變 化而變化。春夏秋三季，水散發(fā)出的薄霧像一層云籠罩著石頭。圓圈中心的石頭看 起來最密實，水霧形成一層薄紗幕，擋住 了石頭。水霧被日光折射，形成了彩虹。 夜晚，水霧在燈的映射下發(fā)出神秘而幽暗的光。冬季，水霧凝結了，這些石頭就被學 校的供暖系統(tǒng)所散發(fā)的蒸汽覆蓋。當噴泉不噴水時，就變成了白雪展現(xiàn)其優(yōu)雅姿態(tài)的 地方，而坎布里奇的降雪量是很大的。

Located at one of the busiest crossroads of the university, the fountain was designed to be inhabited and contributes significantly to the public realm of the community in which it is located. Children play. Students read, flirt, converse, meditate, brood. As a result, the Tanner Fountain is heavily used in all seasons. Spring rain, summer grass, autumn leaves, winter winds: All are emphasized by and in turn emphasize the fountain, which takes on the feeling of a natural object, one that points to the truth that humans too are part of nature.

噴泉位于學校最繁忙的十字路口之一，旨在為人提供休息場所，并對它所在社區(qū) 做了重要貢獻。孩子們在這里嬉戲，學生或讀書，或調(diào)情，或交談，或深思和沉思。 于是，唐納噴泉在每個季節(jié)都有很多人來。春雨、夏草、秋葉、冬雪：所有的一切都 因噴泉而更加突出，所有的一切都讓噴泉更加突出，體現(xiàn)出自然景物的感覺，讓人感 覺到人類也是自然的一部分這一真理。

Historically, the Tanner Fountain was the first institutional project of the “Landscape as Art” movement. It continues to prove that landscape architecture is an art and the landscape architect an artist.

從歷史角度講，唐納噴泉是“山水藝術”運動的第一個校園項目?，F(xiàn)在它仍在向 人們證明景觀建筑是一門藝術，而景觀建筑師就是藝術家。