賓語有下面幾類:
1) 直接賓語——絕大多數及物動詞都跟有直接賓語,成語動詞有些也跟有賓語,表示動作的對象、承受者或后果:
We love our motherland. 我們熱愛祖國。(動作對象)
They robbed a bank. 他們搶劫了一家銀行。(動作承受者)
Then he composed a symphony. 此后他譜寫了一首交響曲。(動作結果)
Who put forward the suggestion? 這建議是誰提出的?
2) 間接賓語——雙賓動詞后可跟兩個賓語,一個是直接賓語,一個是間接賓語,間接賓語表示動作是向某人或為某人做的:
主語謂語間接賓語直接賓語
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Auntie gave me a toy car.
My wife sends you her greeting.
I will play you some light music.
He bought himself a new tie.
關于間接賓語可參閱第13.4.1節(jié)。
3) 復合賓語——是由兩部分構成的賓語,后面部分可稱為賓語的補語:
主語謂語復合賓語
————————————————————————
They asked him to speak at the meeting.
She saw a girl waving to her.
My kids never heard the song sung in Italian.
They elected him vice-president.
關于這類賓語可參閱第13.6.1—13.6.8節(jié)。
賓語可以由下面這些成分表示:
1) 名詞:
May I see your passport? 我能看看你的護照嗎?
Fasten your seatbelts, please. 請系好安全帶。
2) 代詞:
Do you have anything to declare? 你有什么東西申報嗎?
Give me some. 給我一點。
3) 數詞:
Let me have one or two. 給我一兩個。
They laid off one-third of the workers. 他們暫時解雇了三分之一工人。
4) 名詞化的形容詞:
Success goes to the determined. (諺)有志者事竟成。
Respect the old and cherish the young. 敬老愛幼。
5) 動名詞:
Stop acting like a child. 別像小孩一樣。
Has it left off raining? 雨停了嗎?
6) 不定式:
He tried not to offend her. 他設法不得罪她。
They asked to see his ID card. 他們要求驗看他的身份證。
7) 復合結構
I find this weather very trying. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)這種天氣很難受。
He had his passport visaed for South Korea. 他在護照上蓋了去韓國的簽證。
8) 從句
I'll see that you get a good seat. 我一定設法讓你有一個好座位。
I don't understand what you mean. 我不懂你的意思。
關于不定式和動名詞作賓語可參閱第12.1.4,12.2.3,13.3.5及13.3.6節(jié)。