英國(guó)學(xué)生科學(xué)讀本 Lesson 83 物質(zhì)與感覺(jué)(1)

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第83課 物質(zhì)與感覺(jué)

All the things that make up the world on which we live are composed of some kind of stuff, or substance, or material. The name which is given to every kind of this stuff is matter , and we say that our world is a great ball of matter. The stones on which we walk are pieces of matter; the water of the ocean is another kind of matter; and the air or atmosphere which wraps round the whole world is yet another kind.

在我們生活的這個(gè)世界上, 所有物體全部都是由某種成分或物質(zhì)或材料構(gòu)成。這種東西就被稱作物質(zhì), 我們的地球就是一個(gè)巨大的物質(zhì)球體。我們腳下的石頭就是一種物質(zhì);海洋中的海水又是另一種物質(zhì);包裹整個(gè)地球的大氣還是一種物質(zhì)。

Are there any pieces of matter in this room? Yes, there are many. The walls, the windows, the desks, the tables, the chairs, the maps, and the pictures, are all pieces of matter.

你所在的房間里有沒(méi)有物質(zhì)? 當(dāng)然有, 而且很多。墻壁、窗戶、桌子、椅子、地圖、照片, 這些全部都是物質(zhì)。

How do you know that these pieces of matter are in the room? It is because you possess the sense of sight. This sense is confined to two small parts of the surface of your body—your eyes—and by using your eyes you can find out a great deal about matter, such as its shape, its size, and its colour.

你怎么知道房間中存在這些物質(zhì)? 這是因?yàn)槟銚碛幸暳Α＿@種感知能力來(lái)自你身體表面的兩個(gè)器官——眼睛。通過(guò)眼睛, 你可以了解物質(zhì)的方方面面, 例如形狀、大小與顏色。

But do not blind children know about matter ? Yes, indeed; for, though they cannot see, they have still the sense of touch. This sense is spread over all the surface of the body, but the tips of the fingers have the keenest sense of touch. Blind children can feel their way among the pieces of matter which surround them, and can tell a great deal about each piece of matter which they touch, although they cannot see it.

然而, 盲孩子能否對(duì)物質(zhì)有所認(rèn)識(shí)呢? 當(dāng)然可以;因?yàn)? 雖然他們眼睛看不見(jiàn), 但是觸覺(jué)仍舊有用。這種感覺(jué)遍布我們的身體表面, 不過(guò)手指頂部的觸覺(jué)最為敏銳。盲人兒童可以在周圍的物質(zhì)中摸索出一條道路。雖然看不見(jiàn), 但是他們能夠通過(guò)觸覺(jué)了解碰到的物質(zhì)的許多特性。

The other day I went into a room, and the moment I opened the door I knew that there had been an escape of gas from the pipe which leads to the gas-burner. I could not see the coal-gas, and I could not feel it, but I could smell it, and I knew by my sense of smell that there was some of the matter called coal-gas mixed with the air of the room. The sense of smell is confined to the inside of the nose. If you pinch your nose hard, you will find that you can smell nothing.

有一天, 我走進(jìn)房間, 剛打開門, 就知道連接煤氣爐的管道肯定出現(xiàn)了漏氣的情況。我看不見(jiàn)煤氣, 也摸不到它, 但可以聞到它的氣味。通過(guò)嗅覺(jué), 我能夠判斷, 房間的空氣中混入了一些名叫煤氣的物質(zhì)。嗅覺(jué)來(lái)自鼻子。使勁捏住鼻子, 就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn), 自己什么都聞不到了。

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