56 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的比較（三）　Track 056

（1）用短暫性動(dòng)詞的完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示重復(fù)
我們?cè)诘?2節(jié)講過(guò)，短暫性動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)不能與表示“一段時(shí)間”的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。但是，短暫性動(dòng)詞的完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可與表示“一段時(shí)間”的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，表示重復(fù)動(dòng)作。如上述例句：
a. Every Sunday they meet in the same bar. They’ve been going there for years.
不能說(shuō)：
Every Sunday they meet in the same bar. They’ve gone there for years.*
b. Over the past few years, many towns in the United States have been joining with neighboring communities to share the costs of government.
不能說(shuō)：
Over the past few years, many towns in the United States have joined with neighboring communities…*
c. I’ve been getting up early since I entered the college.
不能說(shuō)：
I’ve got up early since I entered the college.*
（2）重復(fù)動(dòng)作的分割性
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性，因此它表示一種看起來(lái)不間斷的動(dòng)作。如果要表達(dá)做一件事的次數(shù)（即把動(dòng)作分割為一次一次的動(dòng)作），或一共做了多少件事情時(shí)，則不能用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。請(qǐng)比較：
a. I have been sitting in class since 8 o’clock this morning.
從早上8點(diǎn)鐘到現(xiàn)在我一直在上課。
b. I have had three classes since 8 o’clock this morning.
從早上8點(diǎn)鐘到現(xiàn)在我已經(jīng)上了三節(jié)課。
c. It has been snowing all day. I wonder when it will stop.
下了一整天的雪，不知什么時(shí)候能停。
d. We have had three major snowstorms so far this winter. I wonder how many more we will have.
今年冬天已經(jīng)下了三場(chǎng)大雪了，不知還會(huì)再下幾場(chǎng)雪。
e. The phone has been ringing for almost a minute. Why doesn’t someone answer it?
f.The phone has rung four times this morning, and each time it has been for Clint .
g. I’ve been writing the letter this morning and won’t finish until noon.
h. I’ve written three letters so far this morning.
i. I’ve written them three times, but I still haven’t received a reply.
j. I’ve been chatting（表示重復(fù)動(dòng)作，沒(méi)有說(shuō)明具體聊天次數(shù)） online for a little over three years and have met（完成時(shí)表示重復(fù)，這里動(dòng)作已被分割，因?yàn)橄挛奶岬搅薶undreds of people） hundreds of people.One common thing of those who have met（動(dòng)作同樣被分割，所以用完成時(shí)表示重復(fù)） others in real life is: “Don’t base the rest of your life on a week or two”, meaning “don’t spend a week or two with your online lover, then move in with them and get married.”
我泡在網(wǎng)上和人瞎聊已經(jīng)有三年多了，也遇到了很多人。那些在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中與網(wǎng)友見(jiàn)過(guò)面的人總要說(shuō)：“別讓一兩個(gè)星期來(lái)決定你的下半生。”就是說(shuō)，“別和你的網(wǎng)上情人相戀僅僅一兩個(gè)星期就談婚論嫁。”