劉文勇GRE寫作百日題庫 Day 11

Day 11 People's behavior is largely determined byforces not of their own making

People's behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making.

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.

五問：

（1）一個(gè)人的行為到底由哪些因素決定？外力是不是其中之一？除了外力，還有哪些因素能決定人的行為？人的生理特征會(huì)不會(huì)影響一個(gè)人的行為？性格呢？

（2）每一種外力都一定是不可見的嗎？你能舉出能感知的外力和不能感知的外力的例子嗎？家庭因素、環(huán)境因素都是可以感知的，而道德、信仰等無形的外力和約束力卻難以感知。

（3）有沒有可能發(fā)生這樣的情況：一個(gè)人認(rèn)為是自己的決策力決定了自己的行為，但實(shí)際上起決定作用的是社會(huì)的約束力？例如，在公交車上給老人和小孩讓座，是否可能是因?yàn)槭艿缴鐣?huì)風(fēng)氣和道德約束的影響？

（4）遵循社會(huì)道德和社會(huì)規(guī)范一定是好事情嗎？或者一定是不好的事情嗎？為什么？遵循社會(huì)道德和規(guī)范會(huì)使社會(huì)更加和諧有序，但也可能導(dǎo)致道德綁架，是非不分。社會(huì)規(guī)范是如何產(chǎn)生的呢？社會(huì)規(guī)范是個(gè)體社會(huì)行為的價(jià)值標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，是用以衡量個(gè)體行為的社會(huì)意義并作出判斷的依據(jù)，社會(huì)規(guī)范是由一定的社會(huì)組織提出并依據(jù)社會(huì)組織自身的利益需要及價(jià)值觀確定的，具有鮮明的社會(huì)制約性。

（5）在社會(huì)規(guī)范和個(gè)人價(jià)值觀出現(xiàn)不一致時(shí)，你更傾向于遵循哪一個(gè)？

翻譯練習(xí)：

人類，不像只憑本能行動(dòng)的動(dòng)物，是受到道德規(guī)范和社會(huì)法則約束的：他們被要求不去做那些被認(rèn)為是不合適或錯(cuò)誤的行為，并為自己的錯(cuò)誤行為負(fù)責(zé)。一個(gè)群體只有在它其中的個(gè)體愿意遵守規(guī)則并愿意承擔(dān)責(zé)任的前提下才能良好運(yùn)作（可以用短語 only if）。然而，這并不意味著個(gè)體就完全沒有自己的自由。

參考答案：

Human beings, unlike animals who mainly act to their instincts, are bounded by moral norms and social laws: they are required to refrain from committing those actions that are deemed to be inappropriate or wrong and to take responsibilities for their wrongdoings. A community can function well only if the individuals in it are willing to obey and to take responsibility. This, however, doesn't mean that individuals don't have any freedom of their own at all.