劉文勇GRE寫(xiě)作百日題庫(kù) Day 31

Day 31 Society should make efforts to save endangered species only if the potential extinction of those species is the result of human activities

Society should make efforts to save endangered species only if the potential extinction of those species is the result of human activities.

Write a response in which you discuss your views on the policy and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider the possible consequences of implementing the policy and explain how these consequences shape your position.

五問(wèn)：

本題屬于條件類命題（意味著它與非此即彼的 Agree/Disagree類題目有所不同）。我們可以不同意原文觀點(diǎn)，也可以在原文條件下同意，甚至可以在除原文條件之外的情況下依然贊同該觀點(diǎn)。

（1）人類能否清楚地判斷自己的行為對(duì)環(huán)境造成了破壞？人類過(guò)多的干預(yù)會(huì)破壞生態(tài)系統(tǒng)本來(lái)的平衡嗎？

（2）人類的活動(dòng)會(huì)如何影響物種的生存甚至導(dǎo)致其滅絕？你能描述具體的情形嗎？例如：人類過(guò)度砍伐導(dǎo)致森林植被破壞、動(dòng)物的棲息地被破壞、物種生存受到威脅。

（3）就你所知，哪些物種的滅絕與人類相關(guān)？例如，亞洲獵豹（ Asiatic Cheetah）因人類破壞生態(tài)環(huán)境以及過(guò)度獵殺而于 1948年滅絕。哪些與人類不相關(guān)？例如：恐龍的滅絕是自然環(huán)境變化的結(jié)果。

（4）達(dá)爾文的觀點(diǎn)是怎樣的？達(dá)爾文的“進(jìn)化論”概括起來(lái)就是“物競(jìng)天擇，適者生存”。為什么有一些持有達(dá)爾文主義觀點(diǎn)的人認(rèn)為人類不應(yīng)該干涉物種的滅絕，即便這種滅絕是由人類導(dǎo)致的？例如：他們可能認(rèn)為人類的干涉會(huì)破壞自然的平衡。

（5）原文的建議會(huì)有什么好的結(jié)果？可能會(huì)有什么不好的結(jié)果？例如：會(huì)使瀕臨滅絕的物種得以保留下來(lái)，維持生態(tài)穩(wěn)定；但與此同時(shí)，也可能會(huì)忽略那些由于物種自身原因而瀕臨滅絕的物種。

翻譯練習(xí)：

很多科學(xué)家認(rèn)為氣候變化以及隨之而來(lái)的居住地的破壞應(yīng)該對(duì)很多史前動(dòng)物的滅絕負(fù)責(zé)。但是近期研究的結(jié)果對(duì)這一假設(shè)進(jìn)行了質(zhì)疑，并將它們滅絕的主要原因指向人類的狩獵活動(dòng)。

參考答案：

Many scientists believed that climate change and the subsequent habitat destruction were responsible for the extinction of many prehistoric animals. Yet results of recent researches have cast doubt on this hypothesis and pointed to human hunting as the primary reason for their disappearance.

翻譯練習(xí)：

滅絕一直都在發(fā)生，但是近些年人類對(duì)地球表面的有意的改變已經(jīng)使物種在以比自然進(jìn)程高 1 000倍的速度消失。這種改變包括過(guò)度狩獵、清除大片森林、將物種從原有棲息地運(yùn)送到新的大陸、釋放數(shù)十億噸的二氧化碳到大氣和海洋中并因此改變氣候等。

參考答案：

Extinction has always been occuring, yet human beings' deliberate alterations of the Earth's landscape in recent years have caused species to vanish at a rate 1,000 times that of natural processes. Such alterations consist of overhunting, clearing away great reaches of forest, transporting species from their natural habitats to new continents, pumping billions of tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and oceans, thus transforming the climate and so on.

翻譯練習(xí)：

鑒于我們對(duì)大自然的運(yùn)行規(guī)律的理解程度有限，判定哪些物種是因?yàn)槿祟惖男袨槎鵀l臨滅絕是不可能的。我們唯一可以確定的是，迄今為止，人類對(duì)自然的惡意干預(yù)已經(jīng)使得很多物種滅絕了，如果不被打擾的話，其中很多物種可能還活著（用定語(yǔ)從句和虛擬語(yǔ)氣）。

參考答案：

Given our limited understanding of how nature works, it is impossible to judge which species have become endangered due to man's actions and which not. The only thing we are certain is that so far, man's vicious intrusion into nature has caused many species to die out, many of which might still be alive if they had been left alone.