劉文勇GRE寫作Argument題庫 Day 31

Day 31 In our region of Trillura, the majority of money spent on the schools that most students attend—the city-run public schools—comes from taxes that each city government collects

The following appeared in a letter to the editor of Parson City's local newspaper.

“In our region of Trillura, the majority of money spent on the schools that most students attend— the city-run public schools— comes from taxes that each city government collects. The region's cities differ, however, in the budgetary priority they give to public education. For example, both as a proportion of its overall tax revenues and in absolute terms, Parson City has recently spent almost twice as much per year as Blue City has for its public schools— even though both cities have about the same number of residents. Clearly, Parson City residents place a higher value on providing a good education in public schools than Blue City residents do.”

Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.

五問：

（1）解題時我們應(yīng)該先弄清楚 Trillura地區(qū)與Parson City以及 Blue City之間是什么關(guān)系。“ Clearly, Parson City residents place a higher value on providing a good education in public schools than Blue City residents do”是結(jié)論，其余部分是事實，值得反駁嗎 ?

（2）兩個城市的居民人數(shù)相同，就意味著兩地的教育支出應(yīng)該相同嗎？居民人數(shù)與應(yīng)該接受教育的居民人數(shù)是否完全對應(yīng)？

（3）適齡兒童是否一定都會到公立學校上學？如果不是，那對政府來說，在公立學校上學與在私立學校上學的教育支出有何不同？私立學校的經(jīng)費不來自政府財政撥款。

（4）教育支出與哪些要素相關(guān)？你能簡單地羅列幾個嗎？并且說說它們會如何影響教育的支出。例如：科研水平、師資力量、學校設(shè)施等，要完善這些方面都要增加教育支出。

（5）教育支出更多就代表著居民更加重視嗎？政府與居民的態(tài)度一定是一致的嗎？除了增加教育支出，重視還可以體現(xiàn)在哪些方面？你能簡單地羅列幾個嗎？例如：改革公共教育、完善教育管理體制等。

32 During the past year, Quiot Manufacturing had 30 percent more on-the-job accidents than at the nearby Panoply Industries plant

The following appeared in a memo from a vice president of Quiot Manufacturing.

“During the past year, Quiot Manufacturing had 30 percent more on-the-job accidents than at the nearby Panoply Industries plant, where the work shifts are one hour shorter than ours. Experts say that significant contributing factors in many on-the-job accidents are fatigue and sleep deprivation among workers. Therefore, to reduce the number of on-the-job accidents at Quiot and thereby increase productivity, we should shorten each of our three work shifts by one hour so that employees will get adequate amounts of sleep.”

Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.

五問：

（1）“Therefore, to reduce the number of on-the-job accidents at Quiot and thereby increase productivity, we should shorten each of our three work shifts by one hour so that employees will get adequate amounts of sleep”是結(jié)論，其余部分是事實，值得反駁嗎？

（2）過去一年的情況會延續(xù)到今后嗎？另外，專家們所說的是一個普遍性的結(jié)論。這個結(jié)論一定能夠適用于特殊的事例嗎？ Quiot工廠是否可能并不符合專家們所說的情形？

（3）除了缺乏睡眠之外，還有哪些因素可能導(dǎo)致工作中的事故？你能羅列一兩個，并且說說這些因素是如何增加或減少工作中的事故的嗎？例如：員工的技術(shù)熟練程度高，會減少工作中發(fā)生事故的可能性。

（4）減少事故就必定能夠提高生產(chǎn)效率嗎？生產(chǎn)效率是由哪些因素決定的？例如：生產(chǎn)設(shè)備、績效獎勵機制、人力分配等。是否可能存在這樣的情形：生產(chǎn)效率很高的同時工作中的事故率也很高？

（5）增加休息時間就意味著工人們的睡眠時間也增加了嗎？你能羅列其他的可能性嗎？例如：員工利用增加的休息時間去進行過度的娛樂活動。