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雙語(yǔ)《馬丁·伊登》 第七章

所屬教程:譯林版·馬丁·伊登

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2022年06月19日

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CHAPTER VII

A week of heavy reading had passed since the evening he first met Ruth Morse, and still he dared not call. Time and again he nerved himself up to call, but under the doubts that assailed him his determination died away. He did not know the proper time to call, nor was there any one to tell him, and he was afraid of committing himself to an irretrievable blunder. Having shaken himself free from his old companions and old ways of life, and having no new companions, nothing remained for him but to read, and the long hours he devoted to it would have ruined a dozen pairs of ordinary eyes. But his eyes were strong, and they were backed by a body superbly strong. Furthermore, his mind was fallow. It had lain fallow all his life so far as the abstract thought of the books was concerned, and it was ripe for the sowing. It had never been jaded by study, and it bit hold of the knowledge in the books with sharp teeth that would not let go.

It seemed to him, by the end of the week, that he had lived centuries, so far behind were the old life and outlook. But he was baffled by lack of preparation. He attempted to read books that required years of preliminary specialization. One day he would read a book of antiquated philosophy, and the next day one that was ultra-modern, so that his head would be whirling with the conflict and contradiction of ideas. It was the same with the economists. On the one shelf at the library he found Karl Marx, Ricardo, Adam Smith, and Mill, and the abstruse formulas of the one gave no clue that the ideas of another were obsolete. He was bewildered, and yet he wanted to know. He had become interested, in a day, in economics, industry, and politics. Passing through the City Hall Park, he had noticed a group of men, in the center of which were half a dozen, with flushed faces and raised voices, earnestly carrying on a discussion. He joined the listeners, and heard a new, alien tongue in the mouths of the philosophers of the people. One was a tramp, another was a labor agitator, a third was a law-school student, and the remainder was composed of wordy workingmen. For the first time he heard of socialism, anarchism, and single tax, and learned that there were warring social philosophies. He heard hundreds of technical words that were new to him, belonging to fields of thought that his meager reading had never touched upon. Because of this he could not follow the arguments closely, and he could only guess at and surmise the ideas wrapped up in such strange expressions. Then there was a black-eyed restaurant waiter who was a theosophist, a union baker who was an agnostic, an old man who baffled all of them with the strange philosophy that what is is right,and another old man who discoursed interminably about the cosmos and the father-atom and the mother-atom.

Martin Eden’s head was in a state of addlement when he went away after several hours, and he hurried to the library to look up the definitions of a dozen unusual words. And when he left the library, he carried under his arm four volumes: Madam Blavatsky’s “Secret Doctrine,” “Progress and Poverty,”“The Quintessence of Socialism,” and “Warfare of Religion and Science.”Unfortunately, he began on the “Secret Doctrine.” Every line bristled with many-syllabled words he did not understand. He sat up in bed, and the dictionary was in front of him more often than the book. He looked up so many new words that when they recurred, he had forgotten their meaning and had to look them up again. He devised the plan of writing the definitions in a notebook, and filled page after page with them. And still he could not understand. He read until three in the morning, and his brain was in a turmoil, but not one essential thought in the text had he grasped. He looked up, and it seemed that the room was lifting, heeling, and plunging like a ship upon the sea. Then he hurled the “Secret Doctrine” and many curses across the room, turned off the gas, and composed himself to sleep. Nor did he have much better luck with the other three books. It was not that his brain was weak or incapable; it could think these thoughts were it not for lack of training in thinking and lack of the thought-tools with which to think. He guessed this, and for a while entertained the idea of reading nothing but the dictionary until he had mastered every word in it.

Poetry, however, was his solace, and he read much of it, finding his greatest joy in the simpler poets, who were more understandable. He loved beauty, and there he found beauty. Poetry, like music, stirred him profoundly,and, though he did not know it, he was preparing his mind for the heavier work that was to come. The pages of his mind were blank, and, without effort, much he read and liked, stanza by stanza, was impressed upon those pages, so that he was soon able to extract great joy from chanting aloud or under his breath the music and the beauty of the printed words he had read. Then he stumbled upon Gayley’s “Classic Myths” and Bulfinch’s “Age of Fable,” side by side on a library shelf. It was illumination, a great light in the darkness of his ignorance, and he read poetry more avidly than ever.

The man at the desk in the library had seen Martin there so often that he had become quite cordial, always greeting him with a smile and a nod when he entered. It was because of this that Martin did a daring thing. Drawing out some books at the desk, and while the man was stamping the cards, Martin blurted out:—

“Say, there’s something I’d like to ask you.”

The man smiled and paid attention.

“When you meet a young lady an’ she asks you to call, how soon can you call?”

Martin felt his shirt press and cling to his shoulders, what with the sweat of the effort.

“Why I’d say any time,” the man answered.

“Yes, but this is different,” Martin objected. “She—I—well, you see, it’s this way: maybe she won’t be there. She goes to the university.”

“Then call again.”

“What I said ain’t what I meant,” Martin confessed falteringly, while he made up his mind to throw himself wholly upon the other’s mercy. “I’m just a rough sort of a fellow, an’ I ain’t never seen anything of society. This girl is all that I ain’t, an’ I ain’t anything that she is. You don’t think I’m playin’ the fool, do you?” he demanded abruptly.

“No, no; not at all, I assure you,” the other protested. “Your request is not exactly in the scope of the reference department, but I shall be only too pleased to assist you.”

Martin looked at him admiringly.

“If I could tear it off that way, I’d be all right,” he said.

“I beg pardon?”

“I mean if I could talk easy that way, an’ polite, an’ all the rest.”

“Oh,” said the other, with comprehension.

“What is the best time to call? The afternoon?—not too close to meal-time? Or the evening? Or Sunday?”

“I’ll tell you,” the librarian said with a brightening face. “You call her up on the telephone and find out.”

“I’ll do it,” he said, picking up his books and starting away.

He turned back and asked:—

“When you’re speakin’ to a young lady—say, for instance, Miss Lizzie Smith—do you say ‘Miss Lizzie’? or ‘Miss Smith’?”

“Say ‘Miss Smith,’” the librarian stated authoritatively. “Say ‘Miss Smith’ always—until you come to know her better.”

So it was that Martin Eden solved the problem.

“Come down any time; I’ll be at home all afternoon,” was Ruth’s reply over the telephone to his stammered request as to when he could return the borrowed books.

She met him at the door herself, and her woman’s eyes took in immediately the creased trousers and the certain slight but indefinable change in him for the better. Also, she was struck by his face. It was almost violent, this health of his, and it seemed to rush out of him and at her in waves of force. She felt the urge again of the desire to lean toward him for warmth, and marvelled again at the effect his presence produced upon her. And he, in turn, knew again the swimming sensation of bliss when he felt the contact of her hand in greeting. The difference between them lay in that she was cool and self-possessed while his face flushed to the roots of the hair. He stumbled with his old awkwardness after her, and his shoulders swung and lurched perilously.

Once they were seated in the living-room, he began to get on easily—more easily by far than he had expected. She made it easy for him; and the gracious spirit with which she did it made him love her more madly than ever. They talked first of the borrowed books, of the Swinburne he was devoted to, and of the Browning he did not understand; and she led the conversation on from subject to subject, while she pondered the problem of how she could be of help to him. She had thought of this often since their first meeting. She wanted to help him. He made a call upon her pity and tenderness that no one had ever made before, and the pity was not so much derogatory of him as maternal in her. Her pity could not be of the common sort, when the man who drew it was so much man as to shock her with maidenly fears and set her mind and pulse thrilling with strange thoughts and feelings. The old fascination of his neck was there, and there was sweetness in the thought of laying her hands upon it. It seemed still a wanton impulse, but she had grown more used to it. She did not dream that in such guise newborn love would epitomize itself. Nor did she dream that the feeling he excited in her was love. She thought she was merely interested in him as an unusual type possessing various potential excellencies, and she even felt philanthropic about it.

She did not know she desired him; but with him it was different. He knew that he loved her, and he desired her as he had never before desired anything in his life. He had loved poetry for beauty’s sake; but since he met her the gates to the vast field of love-poetry had been opened wide. She had given him understanding even more than Bulfinch and Gayley. There was a line that a week before he would not have favored with a second thought—“God’s own mad lover dying on a kiss”; but now it was ever insistent in his mind. He marvelled at the wonder of it and the truth; and as he gazed upon her he knew that he could die gladly upon a kiss. He felt himself God’s own mad lover, and no accolade of knighthood could have given him greater pride. And at last he knew the meaning of life and why he had been born.

As he gazed at her and listened, his thoughts grew daring. He reviewed all the wild delight of the pressure of her hand in his at the door, and longed for it again. His gaze wandered often toward her lips, and he yearned for them hungrily. But there was nothing gross or earthly about this yearning. It gave him exquisite delight to watch every movement and play of those lips as they enunciated the words she spoke; yet they were not ordinary lips such as all men and women had. Their substance was not mere human clay. They were lips of pure spirit, and his desire for them seemed absolutely different from the desire that had led him to other women’s lips. He could kiss her lips, rest his own physical lips upon them, but it would be with the lofty and awful fervor with which one would kiss the robe of God. He was not conscious of this transvaluation of values that had taken place in him, and was unaware that the light that shone in his eyes when he looked at her was quite the same light that shines in all men’s eyes when the desire of love is upon them. He did not dream how ardent and masculine his gaze was, nor that the warm flame of it was affecting the alchemy of her spirit. Her penetrative virginity exalted and disguised his own emotions, elevating his thoughts to a star-cool chastity, and he would have been startled to learn that there was that shining out of his eyes, like warm waves, that flowed through her and kindled a kindred warmth. She was subtly perturbed by it, and more than once, though she knew not why, it disrupted her train of thought with its delicious intrusion and compelled her to grope for the remainder of ideas partly uttered. Speech was always easy with her, and these interruptions would have puzzled her had she not decided that it was because he was a remarkable type. She was very sensitive to impressions, and it was not strange, after all, that this aura of a traveller from another world should so affect her.

The problem in the background of her consciousness was how to help him, and she turned the conversation in that direction; but it was Martin who came to the point first.

“I wonder if I can get some advice from you,” he began, and received an acquiescence of willingness that made his heart bound. “You remember the other time I was here I said I couldn’t talk about books an’ things because I didn’t know how? Well, I’ve ben doin’ a lot of thinkin’ ever since. I’ve ben to the library a whole lot, but most of the books I’ve tackled have ben over my head. Mebbe I’d better begin at the beginnin’. I ain’t never had no advantages. I’ve worked pretty hard ever since I was a kid, an’ since I’ve ben to the library, lookin’ with new eyes at books—an’ lookin’ at new books, too—I’ve just about concluded that I ain’t ben reading the right kind. You know the books you find in cattle-camps an’ fo’c’s’ls ain’t the same you’ve got in this house, for instance. Well, That’s the sort of readin’ matter I’ve ben accustomed to. And yet—an’ I ain’t just makin’ a brag of it—I’ve ben different from the people I’ve herded with. Not that I’m any better than the sailors an’ cow-punchers I travelled with,—I was cow-punchin’ for a short time, you know,—but I always liked books, read everything I could lay hands on, an’—well, I guess I think differently from most of ’em.

“Now, to come to what I’m drivin’ at. I was never inside a house like this. When I come a week ago, an’ saw all this, an’ you, an’ your mother, an’ brothers, an’ everything—well, I liked it. I’d heard about such things an’ read about such things in some of the books, an’ when I looked around at your house, why, the books come true. But the thing I’m after is I liked it. I wanted it. I want it now. I want to breathe air like you get in this house—air that is filled with books, and pictures, and beautiful things, where people talk in low voices an’ are clean, an’ their thoughts are clean. The air I always breathed was mixed up with grub an’ house-rent an’ scrappin’ an booze an’ that’s all they talked about, too. Why, when you was crossin’ the room to kiss your mother, I thought it was the most beautiful thing I ever seen. I’ve seen a whole lot of life, an’ somehow I’ve seen a whole lot more of it than most of them that was with me. I like to see, an’ I want to see more, an’ I want to see it different.

“But I ain’t got to the point yet. Here it is. I want to make my way to the kind of life you have in this house. There’s more in life than booze, an’ hard work, an’ knockin’ about. Now, how am I goin’ to get it? Where do I take hold an’ begin? I’m willin’ to work my passage, you know, an’ I can make most men sick when it comes to hard work. Once I get started, I’ll work night an’ day. Mebbe you think it’s funny, me askin’ you about all this. I know you’re the last person in the world I ought to ask, but I don’t know anybody else I could ask—unless it’s Arthur. Mebbe I ought to ask him. If I was—”

His voice died away. His firmly planned intention had come to a halt on the verge of the horrible probability that he should have asked Arthur and that he had made a fool of himself. Ruth did not speak immediately. She was too absorbed in striving to reconcile the stumbling, uncouth speech and its simplicity of thought with what she saw in his face. She had never looked in eyes that expressed greater power. Here was a man who could do anything, was the message she read there, and it accorded ill with the weakness of his spoken thought. And for that matter so complex and quick was her own mind that she did not have a just appreciation of simplicity. And yet she had caught an impression of power in the very groping of this mind. It had seemed to her like a giant writhing and straining at the bonds that held him down. Her face was all sympathy when she did speak.

“What you need, you realize yourself, and it is education. You should go back and finish grammar school, and then go through to high school and university.”

“But that takes money,” he interrupted.

“Oh!” she cried. “I had not thought of that. But then you have relatives, somebody who could assist you?”

He shook his head.

“My father and mother are dead. I’ve two sisters, one married, an’ the other’ll get married soon, I suppose. Then I’ve a string of brothers,—I’m the youngest,—but they never helped nobody. They’ve just knocked around over the world, lookin’ out for number one. The oldest died in India. Two are in South Africa now, an’ another’s on a whaling voyage, an’ one’s travellin’ with a circus—he does trapeze work. An’ I guess I’m just like them. I’ve taken care of myself since I was eleven—That’s when my mother died. I’ve got to study by myself, I guess, an’ what I want to know is where to begin.”

“I should say the first thing of all would be to get a grammar. Your grammar is—” She had intended saying “awful,” but she amended it to “is not particularly good.”

He flushed and sweated.

“I know I must talk a lot of slang an’ words you don’t understand. But then they’re the only words I know—how to speak. I’ve got other words in my mind, picked ’em up from books, but I can’t pronounce ’em, so I don’t use ’em.”

“It isn’t what you say, so much as how you say it. You don’t mind my being frank, do you? I don’t want to hurt you.”

“No, no,” he cried, while he secretly blessed her for her kindness. “Fire away. I’ve got to know, an’ I’d sooner know from you than anybody else.”

“Well, then, you say, ‘You was’; it should be, ‘You were.’ You say ‘I seen’ for ‘I saw.’ You use the double negative—”

“What’s the double negative?” he demanded; then added humbly, “You see, I don’t even understand your explanations.”

“I’m afraid I didn’t explain that,” she smiled. “A double negative is—let me see—well, you say, ‘never helped nobody.’ ‘Never’ is a negative. ‘Nobody’ is another negative. It is a rule that two negatives make a positive. ‘Never helped nobody’ means that, not helping nobody, they must have helped somebody.”

“That’s pretty clear,” he said. “I never thought of it before. But it don’t mean they must have helped somebody, does it? Seems to me that‘never helped nobody’ just naturally fails to say whether or not they helped somebody. I never thought of it before, and I’ll never say it again.”

She was pleased and surprised with the quickness and surety of his mind.As soon as he had got the clue he not only understood but corrected her error.

“You’ll find it all in the grammar,” she went on. “There’s something else I noticed in your speech. You say ‘don’t’ when you shouldn’t. ‘Don’t’ is a contraction and stands for two words. Do you know them?”

He thought a moment, then answered, “‘Do not.’”

She nodded her head, and said, “And you use ‘don’t’ when you mean‘does not.’”

He was puzzled over this, and did not get it so quickly.

“Give me an illustration,” he asked.

“Well—” She puckered her brows and pursed up her mouth as she thought, while he looked on and decided that her expression was most adorable. “‘It don’t do to be hasty.’ Change ‘don’t’ to ‘do not,’ and it reads, ‘It do not do to be hasty,’ which is perfectly absurd.”

He turned it over in his mind and considered.

“Doesn’t it jar on your ear?” she suggested.

“Can’t say that it does,” he replied judicially.

“Why didn’t you say, ‘Can’t say that it do’?” she queried.

“That sounds wrong,” he said slowly. “As for the other I can’t make up my mind. I guess my ear ain’t had the trainin’ yours has.”

“There is no such word as ‘a(chǎn)in’t,’” she said, prettily emphatic.

Martin flushed again.

“And you say ‘ben’ for ‘been,’” she continued; “‘I come’ for ‘I came’;and the way you chop your endings is something dreadful.”

“How do you mean?” He leaned forward, feeling that he ought to get down on his knees before so marvellous a mind. “How do I chop?”

“You don’t complete the endings. ‘A-n-d’ spells ‘a(chǎn)nd.’ You pronounce it ‘a(chǎn)n’.’ ‘I-n-g’ spells ‘ing.’ Sometimes you pronounce it ‘ing’ and sometimes you leave off the ‘g.’ And then you slur by dropping initial letters and diphthongs. ‘T-h-e-m’ spells ‘them.’ You pronounce it—oh, well, it is not necessary to go over all of them. What you need is the grammar. I’ll get one and show you how to begin.”

As she arose, there shot through his mind something that he had read in the etiquette books, and he stood up awkwardly, worrying as to whether he was doing the right thing, and fearing that she might take it as a sign that he was about to go.

“By the way, Mr. Eden,” she called back, as she was leaving the room.“What is booze?You used it several times,you know.”

“Oh, booze,” he laughed. “It’s slang. It means whiskey an’ beer—anything that will make you drunk.”

“And another thing,” she laughed back. “Don’t use ‘you’ when you are impersonal. ‘You’ is very personal, and your use of it just now was not precisely what you meant.”

“I don’t just see that.”

“Why, you said just now, to me, ‘whiskey and beer—anything that will make you drunk’—make me drunk,don’t you see?”

“Well, it would, wouldn’t it?”

“Yes, of course,” she smiled. “But it would be nicer not to bring me into it. Substitute ‘one’ for ‘you’ and see how much better it sounds.”

When she returned with the grammar, she drew a chair near his—he wondered if he should have helped her with the chair—and sat down beside him. She turned the pages of the grammar, and their heads were inclined toward each other. He could hardly follow her outlining of the work he must do, so amazed was he by her delightful propinquity. But when she began to lay down the importance of conjugation, he forgot all about her. He had never heard of conjugation, and was fascinated by the glimpse he was catching into the tie-ribs of language. He leaned closer to the page, and her hair touched his cheek. He had fainted but once in his life, and he thought he was going to faint again. He could scarcely breathe, and his heart was pounding the blood up into his throat and suffocating him. Never had she seemed so accessible as now. For the moment the great gulf that separated them was bridged. But there was no diminution in the loftiness of his feeling for her. She had not descended to him. It was he who had been caught up into the clouds and carried to her. His reverence for her, in that moment, was of the same order as religious awe and fervor. It seemed to him that he had intruded upon the holy of holies, and slowly and carefully he moved his head aside from the contact which thrilled him like an electric shock and of which she had not been aware.

第七章

那天晚上和露絲·摩斯初次見(jiàn)面之后,他悶著頭苦讀了一個(gè)星期的書(shū),可還是不敢登門(mén)去看望她。他屢次三番鼓起勇氣,但由于疑慮重重,決心便隨之垮臺(tái)。他不知何時(shí)去才算得體,也無(wú)人為他指點(diǎn)迷津;他真怕自己會(huì)犯下無(wú)法挽回的錯(cuò)誤。他擺脫了昔日的伙伴以及舊的生活方式,又沒(méi)有結(jié)下新的朋友,于是便無(wú)事可做,唯有讀書(shū)。他看書(shū)一看便是老半天,換上普通人的眼睛,十幾雙也會(huì)被毀掉的??伤难劬κ纸Y(jié)實(shí),由異常強(qiáng)健的體魄做后盾。再者,他的大腦一直閑著,至于書(shū)本上的那些抽象的概念,他一輩子連想也未想過(guò)。而今,一切準(zhǔn)備就緒,只盼著播種收獲了。他的大腦從未因?qū)W習(xí)而疲倦不堪,現(xiàn)在以利齒咬住書(shū)本上的知識(shí),死也不肯松。

一個(gè)星期下來(lái),他覺(jué)得像過(guò)了幾個(gè)世紀(jì),把昔日的生活和觀點(diǎn)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)拋到了身后。但由于缺乏準(zhǔn)備,他遇到了挫折。有些書(shū)需要多年的專門(mén)研究才能看得懂,他也躍躍欲試地想讀一讀。一天,他會(huì)拿起一本過(guò)了時(shí)的哲學(xué)書(shū),而第二天又涉獵于超時(shí)代的著作,于是大腦被相互沖突和矛盾的觀念攪得昏昏沉沉。在經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)方面也是同樣一種情形。在圖書(shū)館的同一個(gè)書(shū)架上,他會(huì)找到卡爾·馬克思、李嘉圖、亞當(dāng)·斯密和密爾的著作,而這些人的經(jīng)濟(jì)法則極其深?yuàn)W,也不知誰(shuí)的理論已是陳詞濫調(diào)。他被弄得糊里糊涂,然而他渴望搞明白。一日之間,他就對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)、工業(yè)和政治產(chǎn)生了興趣。一次,在穿過(guò)市政廳公園時(shí),他注意到那兒聚著一群人,中間的五六個(gè)人漲紅著臉,高喉嚨大嗓門(mén)地在認(rèn)真辯論著。他站到旁聽(tīng)的人群里,從那些人民哲學(xué)家的嘴里傾聽(tīng)著新鮮和陌生的語(yǔ)言。那些人其中的一個(gè)是流浪漢,另一個(gè)是勞工鼓動(dòng)家,還有一個(gè)是法學(xué)院的學(xué)生,其余的則是口若懸河的工人。他第一次聽(tīng)到了社會(huì)主義、無(wú)政府主義和單一稅[1]這樣的理論,從而得知各類社會(huì)哲學(xué)之間相互征戰(zhàn)不息。他聽(tīng)到了數(shù)百個(gè)陌生的專門(mén)術(shù)語(yǔ),而這些術(shù)語(yǔ)出自他那淺薄的書(shū)本知識(shí)尚未涉及的思想領(lǐng)域。由于這一層原因,他無(wú)法完全聽(tīng)懂辯論的內(nèi)容,只能猜測(cè)和推想這些生僻詞匯里所包含的思想。參加辯論的還有一個(gè)信仰神智學(xué)[2]的黑眼睛餐館侍者,一個(gè)提倡不可知論的工會(huì)面包師,和一個(gè)以奇怪的哲學(xué)理論“自然即公理”[3]令眾人困惑的老者;另外還有一個(gè)老者,滔滔不絕地議論著宇宙、陽(yáng)原子及陰原子。

馬丁·伊登一連聽(tīng)了幾個(gè)小時(shí),走開(kāi)時(shí)頭昏腦漲。他急匆匆趕到圖書(shū)館,因?yàn)橛惺畮讉€(gè)古里古怪的詞需要查閱。離開(kāi)圖書(shū)館時(shí),他腋下夾著四部書(shū):勃拉伐茨基夫人的《秘密教義》[4]、《進(jìn)步與貧困》、《社會(huì)主義精義》和《宗教與科學(xué)之戰(zhàn)》。不幸的是,他一開(kāi)始就拿起了《秘密教義》閱讀,每一行都遇到許多看不懂的多音節(jié)詞。他坐在床上看書(shū),花在詞典上的時(shí)間比花在書(shū)上的時(shí)間還多。由于查的生詞過(guò)多,等到這些詞再出現(xiàn)時(shí),他已忘記了詞的含義,只好再查。后來(lái)他想了個(gè)辦法,把詞義寫(xiě)在筆記本上,一頁(yè)一頁(yè)寫(xiě)得滿滿的??伤€是看不懂,一直到凌晨三點(diǎn)鐘,腦子都成了一盆糨糊,書(shū)中的一條基本思想也沒(méi)抓住。他抬頭望去,覺(jué)得整個(gè)房間像大海上的船只一樣,又是起伏又是左右搖擺。他把《秘密教義》扔到墻角那兒,連連罵了許多聲,然后熄掉煤氣燈,穩(wěn)定好情緒入睡??戳硗馊繒?shū)時(shí),運(yùn)氣也沒(méi)好到哪兒去。這倒不是因?yàn)樗麩o(wú)能或智力低下;如若不是缺乏思維方面的訓(xùn)練以及缺乏思維方式,他完全可以領(lǐng)會(huì)書(shū)中的觀點(diǎn)。他看出了這一點(diǎn),于是想出了個(gè)主意:什么書(shū)也不看,光看詞典,直至徹底掌握詞典里的每一個(gè)詞。

真正給他帶來(lái)歡樂(lè)的是詩(shī)歌。他讀了許多的詩(shī),覺(jué)得自己最喜歡的還是那些比較容易理解的普通詩(shī)行。他熱愛(ài)美,而在詩(shī)里面他發(fā)現(xiàn)了美。詩(shī)歌如同音樂(lè)一樣,深深打動(dòng)了他;于不知不覺(jué)之中,他的大腦已在準(zhǔn)備迎接即將來(lái)到的繁重工作了。他的大腦猶如白紙,不費(fèi)力氣便一節(jié)節(jié)地印上了諸多他所讀到和喜歡的詩(shī)篇;這樣一來(lái),他很快便能夠把自己看過(guò)的壯麗優(yōu)美的詩(shī)行低吟或高歌,從中獲取巨大的喜悅。一次,他在圖書(shū)館的一個(gè)書(shū)架上偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)并排放著蓋萊[5]的《古典神話》和勃爾芬區(qū)[6]的《寓音時(shí)代》。在他那無(wú)知的黑暗當(dāng)中亮起一盞燈,投射出燦爛的光芒,于是他更加如饑似渴地讀起詩(shī)來(lái)。

桌旁的那個(gè)圖書(shū)館館員見(jiàn)馬丁經(jīng)常出入,逐漸變得對(duì)他十分和氣,總是以微笑迎接他,看到他進(jìn)來(lái)便頻頻點(diǎn)頭。正是由于這一點(diǎn),有一次,馬丁做了一件大膽的事情。他取了幾本書(shū)來(lái)到桌旁,待那人在借書(shū)證上蓋印時(shí),他脫口說(shuō)道:

“勞駕,有點(diǎn)事情想問(wèn)問(wèn)你?!?/p>

那人笑笑,注意聽(tīng)著。

“如果你結(jié)識(shí)了一位年輕小姐,她請(qǐng)你到她家去,那么你該何時(shí)登門(mén)拜訪呢?”

馬丁吃力得汗都冒了出來(lái),覺(jué)得襯衫緊緊貼到了肩頭上。

“讓我說(shuō),任何時(shí)候都可以,”那人答道。

“不錯(cuò),可我的情況不同,”馬丁不同意地說(shuō),“她——我——你瞧,事情是這樣的:也許她不在家,到大學(xué)里上課去了?!?/p>

“那就再去一次呀?!?/p>

“我的話沒(méi)有把我的意思表達(dá)出來(lái)。”馬丁支支吾吾地說(shuō),同時(shí),他打定主意要把情況向?qū)Ψ胶捅P(pán)托出,“我不過(guò)是個(gè)粗人,沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)社交界的場(chǎng)面。那姑娘和我全然不同,而我與她也無(wú)絲毫相同之處。你不會(huì)覺(jué)得我在冒傻氣吧?”他猛不愣丁問(wèn)道。

“不,不,一點(diǎn)也不,這你放心好啦?!睂?duì)方斷然聲明,“你的問(wèn)題原本不是參考書(shū)庫(kù)分內(nèi)的事,不過(guò)我倒很樂(lè)意助你一臂之力?!?/p>

馬丁感激地望了望他。

“如果我能那般灑脫,就好啦?!彼f(shuō)。

“你說(shuō)什么?”

“我是說(shuō),但愿我能把話講得自如和禮貌,舉止得體?!?/p>

“噢。”對(duì)方理解地這么說(shuō)了一聲。

“最好什么時(shí)候去看她?下午?——不要離吃飯時(shí)間太近?或是晚上?星期天?”

“我來(lái)告訴你吧,”管理員臉上放著光彩說(shuō),“你可以先給她打個(gè)電話,約個(gè)時(shí)間?!?/p>

“好,就這么辦。”他說(shuō)著,拿起書(shū)來(lái),轉(zhuǎn)身要走。

可他又把身子扭了回來(lái),問(wèn)道:

“如果你對(duì)一位年輕小姐講話——譬如說(shuō),對(duì)麗茜·史密斯小姐講話,你稱她‘麗茜小姐’還是‘史密斯小姐’?”

“稱她‘史密斯小姐’?!惫芾韱T以權(quán)威的口氣說(shuō),“一定要稱她‘史密斯小姐’,直至你和她混熟?!?/p>

就這樣,馬丁·伊登解決了自己的問(wèn)題。

他在電話上結(jié)結(jié)巴巴地問(wèn)露絲他什么時(shí)候可以去還借來(lái)的書(shū),而露絲的回答是:“什么時(shí)候都可以,我整個(gè)下午都在家。”

她親自來(lái)門(mén)口迎接他,以女性的目光立刻發(fā)現(xiàn)他的褲子燙了縫,并隱約覺(jué)得他身上起了細(xì)微的變化,那是朝好的方面轉(zhuǎn)變。同時(shí),她被他的那張面孔所深深打動(dòng)。他的虎虎生氣似乎從體內(nèi)奔涌而出,滾滾向她沖來(lái)。她又一次感到一陣沖動(dòng),直想靠到他身上去攝取溫暖;又一次覺(jué)得驚奇,不知他為什么會(huì)對(duì)自己產(chǎn)生如此大的影響。而他接觸到她那只迎接他的手,也又一次飄飄欲仙,感到無(wú)比喜悅。兩人之間的區(qū)別在于:她冷靜和沉著,而他的臉都紅到了頭發(fā)根處。他步履蹣跚,笨拙地跟在她身后,膀子左右搖晃,東倒西歪的走路姿勢(shì)叫人替他捏一把汗。

來(lái)到客廳里坐下,他才開(kāi)始覺(jué)得自如了些,而且自如得出乎他的意料。她的舉止令他感到輕松;而她的那種體貼人的善良心腸使得他對(duì)她的愛(ài)更加瘋狂。他們先從他借去的那兩本書(shū)談起,接著談到了深受他愛(ài)戴的斯溫伯恩以及令他費(fèi)解的勃朗寧。她把談話從一個(gè)話題引向另一個(gè)話題,同時(shí)在心里考慮著如何幫助他。自從他們初次相逢,她就常常思考這個(gè)問(wèn)題,因?yàn)樗芟雽?duì)他有所幫助。他引起了她的憐憫和一片柔情,而這在以前是從來(lái)沒(méi)有過(guò)的;不過(guò),她的憐憫并非看低對(duì)方,而是一種母性般的感情。她的憐憫絕非普普通通的憐憫,因?yàn)榧て鹚龖z憫的是一個(gè)男子氣概十足的人,這個(gè)人令她震驚,給她帶來(lái)種種恐懼,使她心驚肉跳、脈搏撲撲顫動(dòng),叫她生出怪誕的念頭和感情。他的脖子還是那樣誘人,使她甜蜜蜜地思想著要把手放到上面去。這仍舊像是一種荒唐的沖動(dòng),但她已經(jīng)習(xí)以為常。她想不到新生的愛(ài)會(huì)以這種形式表現(xiàn)出來(lái),也想不到他在她心中激起的那份感情竟然是愛(ài)。她以為自己對(duì)他感興趣只是因?yàn)樗且粋€(gè)具有種種潛在優(yōu)點(diǎn)的不同尋常的人罷了,所以,她甚至覺(jué)得自己在行慈善之事。

她不知道自己渴望得到他,可情況對(duì)他就不同了。他清楚他愛(ài)她,對(duì)她的欲望比以往在生活中對(duì)任何東西的欲望都要強(qiáng)烈。他過(guò)去愛(ài)好詩(shī)歌,只是為了欣賞到美,可自從和她結(jié)識(shí)以后,通往愛(ài)情詩(shī)廣闊原野的那扇門(mén)便大大敞開(kāi)了。她幫助他理解到的東西,甚至比蓋萊的勃爾芬區(qū)還要多?!翱駸岬膽偃嗽笧橐晃嵌馈薄@樣的詩(shī)行,要在一個(gè)星期前,他恐怕連想也不愿多想,可現(xiàn)在卻始終縈繞在他心間。詩(shī)的奇妙及真實(shí)性令他驚嘆不已,因?yàn)楫?dāng)他以目光注視著她的時(shí)候,他知道自己心甘情愿為一吻而死。他覺(jué)得自己就是一個(gè)狂熱的戀人,并感到無(wú)比自豪,不管授給他什么樣的騎士爵位都不會(huì)使他產(chǎn)生這樣的感覺(jué)。他終于懂得了生活的真諦,知道了自己為什么誕生于人世。

他注視著她,傾聽(tīng)著她講話,心里生出一個(gè)個(gè)大膽的念頭。他回味著剛才在大門(mén)口同她握手時(shí),自己的那一番欣喜若狂的感覺(jué),渴望著再來(lái)那么一次。他的目光不時(shí)都會(huì)移到她的芳唇上;他多么希望能吻吻那兩個(gè)唇片啊。不過(guò),這種愿望當(dāng)中不包含有一絲一毫低級(jí)下流的東西。她說(shuō)話時(shí),望著她那兩片嘴唇的一翕一動(dòng),他感到興奮異常。那嘴唇不是一般男女的那種普通嘴唇,不單純是血肉的組合。它們是純精神性質(zhì)的嘴唇,所以他對(duì)這兩個(gè)唇片的欲望迥然不同于那種誘惑他去親吻其他女人的欲望。他渴望親吻她的芳唇,把自己的吻印在上面,但他所懷的是一種高尚和莊嚴(yán)的感情,就像一個(gè)人去親吻上帝的圣袍。他沒(méi)覺(jué)察到自己的內(nèi)心產(chǎn)生了這樣的價(jià)值觀,也不知道他望著她的時(shí)候,眼睛里閃射出的正是所有的男人在愛(ài)欲中燒時(shí)眼神里所帶有的那種光芒。他意想不到他的目光是那樣熾烈和富于男性氣概,也意想不到自己的目光中那熱情的火焰會(huì)影響到她的心靈。她那晶瑩清澈的純潔性裝點(diǎn)了他的感情,使其升華,令他的思想如寒星般高雅;他要是知道自己眼里射出的光芒變成了股股熱潮涌遍她的全身,激起同樣的熱情,一定會(huì)大吃一驚。他的目光一次又一次微妙地影響著她,不知為什么,總是甜絲絲地打斷她的思路,隨后又督促她去尋找尚未表達(dá)完的觀點(diǎn)。她平素講話一向輕松自如,所以,她如若不是覺(jué)得他絕非平庸之輩才這般使她心亂神移,一定會(huì)感到困惑不解。她對(duì)外界印象十分敏感,難怪一個(gè)來(lái)自于另一世界的旅人竟會(huì)對(duì)她產(chǎn)生如此大的影響。

她的意識(shí)深處在斟酌著如何幫助他,所以她把談話引向那個(gè)方向;可首先提出這個(gè)問(wèn)題的還是馬丁自己。

“不知你能不能給我提些建議?”他這樣問(wèn)道,看到對(duì)方表示默許,心里便不由撲撲亂跳,“上次我來(lái)這兒時(shí),曾說(shuō)過(guò)我談?wù)摬涣藭?shū)本一類的東西,因?yàn)槲也恢鯓诱劜藕?,這些你還記得嗎?回去后,我想了很多,而且到圖書(shū)館去了許多趟。書(shū)倒是看了不少,但大半都讀不懂意思。也許,我應(yīng)該從頭開(kāi)始。我從未享受過(guò)優(yōu)越的條件,自小便苦苦干活。自打和圖書(shū)館結(jié)下了緣分,開(kāi)始以新的眼光去看書(shū)——也包括看新書(shū)——,我得出了這樣的結(jié)論:自己以前看的書(shū)不對(duì)勁。舉個(gè)例子來(lái)說(shuō),牧場(chǎng)和輪船上的那類書(shū)與你們家的書(shū)就不一樣。唉,我所習(xí)慣的就是看那一類書(shū)。還有——我可不是吹牛,我和我的那伙人是不同的。這倒不是說(shuō),我比那幫子和我一道走南闖北的水手及牛倌強(qiáng)到哪里去——要知道,我自己也放過(guò)一段時(shí)間的牛——,不過(guò),我一直都喜歡看書(shū),搞到什么書(shū)就看什么書(shū)。所以嘛——,我覺(jué)得自己跟他們大多數(shù)人的想法就不一樣。

“嘖,讓我談?wù)勑睦镌挵?。我從?lái)都沒(méi)進(jìn)過(guò)這樣的房子。一個(gè)星期前我到這里來(lái),看到這一切,看到你、你的母親以及你的兩個(gè)弟弟,還有一什一物,我都打心眼里喜歡。以前聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)這種生活,在有些書(shū)上也看到過(guò),當(dāng)時(shí)我環(huán)顧了一下你們家,覺(jué)得書(shū)本上的東西變成了現(xiàn)實(shí)。我想說(shuō)的是,我喜歡這種生活,希望能得到它,現(xiàn)在就想得到。我希望能呼吸上你們家里這樣的空氣——這種氣氛里到處都是書(shū)畫(huà)以及漂亮的東西,人們低聲講話、穿戴干凈、思想純潔。平時(shí)我所呼吸的空氣中彌漫著飯菜、房租、垃圾和黃湯的氣息,人們談?wù)摰囊踩沁@些。上次當(dāng)你走上前去吻你的母親時(shí),我心想那是我所見(jiàn)到的最美好的景象。我見(jiàn)過(guò)不少世面,從某種程度而言,我比我們那伙大多數(shù)人見(jiàn)的世面要多得多。我喜歡見(jiàn)世面,見(jiàn)更多的世面,而且要見(jiàn)不同的世面。

“瞧,我還沒(méi)扯到正題上呢。是這樣的:我想過(guò)上你們家的這種生活,因?yàn)樯畈粌H僅是灌黃湯、苦干和四處流浪??墒?,怎么樣才能如愿以償呢?從何處入手呢?我愿靠自己的努力去爭(zhēng)取;要知道,若論苦干,一般人都不是我的對(duì)手。只要干起活,我可以晝夜連軸轉(zhuǎn)。我竟然向你請(qǐng)教這些,也許讓你覺(jué)得可笑。我知道,這個(gè)世界上最不該問(wèn)的就是你,可我不曉得還有誰(shuí)可以討教——除了阿瑟。也許,我該去問(wèn)他。如果我——”

他的話音消失了。一想到他去向阿瑟請(qǐng)教很可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致可怕的后果,弄得他自己丟乖露丑,他決心要講出的話便戛然而止了。露絲并未馬上開(kāi)口,因?yàn)樗谌褙炞⒌叵氚阉Y(jié)結(jié)巴巴、粗聲粗氣的話語(yǔ)及其簡(jiǎn)單的思想內(nèi)容與他臉上的表情聯(lián)系到一起。她從未見(jiàn)過(guò),人的眼睛竟能顯示出如此大的力量。她從這個(gè)人的眼里看得出,他什么事情都能夠辦到,這與他拙嘴笨舌的表達(dá)力極不相符。她本人的頭腦過(guò)于復(fù)雜和敏銳,以至于她無(wú)法公正地評(píng)價(jià)簡(jiǎn)單的頭腦。可她發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)方的頭腦在探索中顯示出了力量。她似乎看到一個(gè)巨人在痛苦地扭動(dòng)身軀,試圖掙脫束縛著他的鐐銬。待她開(kāi)口說(shuō)話時(shí),臉上布滿了憐憫的表情。

“你自己也意識(shí)得到,你所需要的是接受教育。應(yīng)該回過(guò)頭把小學(xué)上完,然后念中學(xué)和大學(xué)?!?/p>

“可是那得花錢(qián)呀?!彼逶捳f(shuō)。

“嗨!”她叫出了聲,“這我可沒(méi)考慮到。不過(guò),你總有親戚或什么人資助你吧?”

他搖了搖頭。

“我父母已經(jīng)去世。我有一個(gè)姐姐,已嫁了人,還有一個(gè)妹妹,大概馬上也會(huì)嫁人。我在弟兄中最小,有一長(zhǎng)串哥哥,可他們誰(shuí)的忙也不幫。他們自顧自,浪跡天涯海角。老大亡身于印度,有兩個(gè)哥哥現(xiàn)在南非,另外一個(gè)在海上捕鯨,還有一個(gè)在馬戲團(tuán)里演空中飛人,隨團(tuán)周游世界。我想,我跟他們是一個(gè)樣。我十一歲時(shí)母親去世,我就開(kāi)始自己照料自己。我看,我非得自學(xué)不可;我想知道的是從何處入手?!?/p>

“讓我說(shuō),當(dāng)務(wù)之急是搞一本語(yǔ)法書(shū)來(lái)。你的語(yǔ)法真是——”她原本要說(shuō)“糟糕”,但卻改口說(shuō)成了“不十分好”。

他飛紅了臉,汗水直冒。

“我知道,我一定是用了許多俚語(yǔ)以及你不理解的詞??墒?,我只會(huì)用這類語(yǔ)言,只會(huì)這樣說(shuō)話。我腦子里倒裝了些從書(shū)中學(xué)來(lái)的詞,只是不會(huì)發(fā)音,所以就用不成?!?/p>

“問(wèn)題不在于你說(shuō)什么,而在于怎么說(shuō)。我的話直了些,你不會(huì)介意吧?我并不想刺傷你的自尊心?!?/p>

“不介意,不介意,”他嚷嚷道,心中暗暗感激她的好意,“盡管說(shuō)吧。我反正非得搞清不可,與其從旁人口中聽(tīng)到,倒不如向你討教?!薄澳呛冒?。你說(shuō)You was,其實(shí)應(yīng)該說(shuō)You were。你把I saw,說(shuō)成了I seen。再者,你還用了雙重否定——”

“雙重否定是怎么回事?”他問(wèn)。接著,他又自卑地說(shuō):“你瞧,我甚至連你的解釋都聽(tīng)不懂?!?/p>

“恐怕我還沒(méi)解釋呢,”她笑了笑說(shuō),“雙重否定即——讓我想想——比如,你說(shuō)Never helped nobody。Never是否定詞,而nobody也是否定詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)法規(guī)則,雙重否定等于肯定。Never helped nobody的意思是‘從不幫無(wú)人的忙’,那就是說(shuō)一定幫了某人的忙?!薄敖忉尩梅浅G宄?,”他說(shuō)道,“我以前可從沒(méi)想到過(guò)。但這并不表示著他們就一定幫了某人的忙吧?我覺(jué)得,Never helped nobody說(shuō)明不了他們是否幫了某人的忙。以前我從未朝這方面想過(guò),往后再不這樣說(shuō)了?!?/p>

他頭腦敏捷、思維準(zhǔn)確,叫她又高興又驚訝。一旦理出頭緒,他不僅能理解她的話,而且可以糾正她的錯(cuò)誤。

“這些在語(yǔ)法書(shū)上都能找得到。”她繼續(xù)說(shuō),“你說(shuō)話時(shí),我還注意到一個(gè)問(wèn)題。你把don’t用得也不得當(dāng)。Don’t是個(gè)縮略形式,代表著兩個(gè)詞。知道是哪兩個(gè)詞嗎?”

他略加思忖,然后答道:“Do和not?!?/p>

她點(diǎn)了點(diǎn)頭,接著說(shuō):“你在該用does not的地方,卻用了don’t?!彼械嚼Щ蟛唤?,沒(méi)立刻弄明白。

“給我舉個(gè)例子吧。”他請(qǐng)求道。

“這個(gè)——”她邊思考,邊皺起眉頭和噘起小嘴,而他在一旁觀察著她,覺(jué)得她的表情可愛(ài)極了,“例如,It don’t do to be hasty.把don’t換成do not,全句就該讀It do not do to be hasty,而這聽(tīng)起來(lái)荒唐透頂?!?/p>

他把這個(gè)問(wèn)題在心里琢磨和思考著。

“你不覺(jué)得刺耳嗎?”她問(wèn)。

“說(shuō)不上刺耳(Can’t say that it does)?!彼髦氐鼗卮?。

“你為什么不說(shuō)Can’t say that it do呢?”她問(wèn)。

“那樣讓人聽(tīng)起來(lái)不對(duì)頭?!彼掏痰卣f(shuō),“至于剛才的那一句,我還是拿不準(zhǔn)是對(duì)是錯(cuò)。大概是因?yàn)槲业亩浜湍愕牟灰粯?,未?jīng)過(guò)訓(xùn)練吧(ain’t had the trainin)。”

“根本就沒(méi)有ain’t這個(gè)詞?!彼蛔忠话宓貜?qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)。

馬丁又紅了臉。

“還有,你把been說(shuō)成ben,”她繼續(xù)指教著,“把I came說(shuō)成I come;另外,你總是將詞尾砍掉,真是太糟糕了?!?/p>

“怎么解釋呢?”他把身子前傾,恨不得跪倒在這位智力超群的才女面前,“我怎么砍詞尾了?”

“你不把詞尾念出來(lái)。And的拼寫(xiě)是a-n-d,你卻把它念成an;ing的拼寫(xiě)是i-n-g,你有時(shí)念ing,而有時(shí)卻將g砍掉。還有,你慣于砍掉詞首的字母和雙元音,發(fā)出的音模模糊糊。Them的拼寫(xiě)是t-h-e-m,而你卻念成——嗨,算啦,沒(méi)必要一一列舉。你需要的是學(xué)語(yǔ)法。我去給你找本書(shū),告訴你如何入手?!?/p>

當(dāng)她立起身時(shí),他腦海里閃過(guò)了自己在禮節(jié)書(shū)上看過(guò)的一段話,于是也笨拙地站了起來(lái),可他心里卻又顧慮重重,生怕這樣做不合適,讓對(duì)方誤以為他要告辭。

“順便問(wèn)一聲,伊登先生,”她走出房間時(shí),回過(guò)頭來(lái)高聲發(fā)問(wèn),“什么是‘黃湯’?這個(gè)詞你說(shuō)過(guò)好幾遍?!?/p>

“噢,黃湯,”他笑了起來(lái),“那是俚語(yǔ),意思是指威士忌和啤酒——反正是能讓你喝醉的飲料?!?/p>

“瞧,又出問(wèn)題啦?!彼残α似饋?lái),“當(dāng)不涉及個(gè)人的時(shí)候,不要用‘你’字?!恪滞耆巧婕皞€(gè)人的,你剛才的用法未能精確地表達(dá)你的意思。”

“這我可不懂了。”

“你剛才對(duì)我說(shuō):‘威士忌和啤酒——反正是能讓你喝醉的飲料。’讓我喝醉?這你還不明白嗎?”

“是能讓你喝醉,不對(duì)嗎?”

“對(duì)當(dāng)然是對(duì),”她笑了笑說(shuō),“不過(guò)最好別把我扯進(jìn)去。如果用‘人’替代‘你’字,聽(tīng)起來(lái)就會(huì)好得多。”

她把語(yǔ)法書(shū)取來(lái),將一把椅子拖到他跟前——他思量著是否應(yīng)該幫她搬一下椅子——在他身旁坐了下來(lái)。她翻動(dòng)著書(shū)頁(yè),而兩人的頭湊在一起。她講述著他必須做的工作,可他硬是聽(tīng)不進(jìn)去,因?yàn)樗谏砼裕兴煮@又喜??墒牵_(kāi)始講解動(dòng)詞變位的重要性時(shí),他忘掉了她的誘惑。他以前從沒(méi)聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)什么動(dòng)詞變位,而今聆聽(tīng)到一些有關(guān)語(yǔ)言構(gòu)造的指教,便一下子著了迷。他把臉湊近書(shū)本,覺(jué)得她的秀發(fā)輕拂在他的面頰上。他一輩子只昏倒過(guò)一次,而現(xiàn)在感到自己又快要昏過(guò)去了。他簡(jiǎn)直有些透不過(guò)氣來(lái)了,因?yàn)樾呐K把血液輸送到喉管處,使他感到窒息。她似乎從來(lái)沒(méi)有像現(xiàn)在這樣容易接近過(guò)。剎那間,橫在他們之間的那道寬闊的鴻溝上架起了橋梁??墒牵麑?duì)她的感情還是那般圣潔。她并未降格屈就他,而是他攀上祥云,趕到了她身旁。在這一瞬間,他對(duì)她的崇敬簡(jiǎn)直跟教徒的敬畏和狂熱不差上下。在他看來(lái),他好像闖入了神界仙境,于是,他小心翼翼地慢慢把頭移開(kāi),免得再觸到她那似電流般令他震顫的秀發(fā),而她對(duì)這一切卻毫無(wú)察覺(jué)。

* * *

[1] 以一物為課稅對(duì)象,廢除其他捐稅。

[2] 一種神秘學(xué)派,提倡輪回學(xué)說(shuō),研究人神媾通。

[3] 自然主義倫理學(xué)派的主張,認(rèn)為“天理”即道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

[4] 勃拉伐茨基夫人(1831—1891)是俄國(guó)神智學(xué)者,生平足跡遍及歐美兩洲,先在紐約成立神智學(xué)會(huì),后把總會(huì)遷往印度,去世時(shí),信徒達(dá)十萬(wàn)之眾?!睹孛芙塘x》是她的重要著作。

[5] 19世紀(jì)末美國(guó)教育家兼作家。

[6] 19世紀(jì)美國(guó)著名作家。

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