2022年11月30日 VOA慢速英語：你的年度詞匯是什么？

 

And now, Words and Their Stories from VOA Learning English.
現(xiàn)在，來自美國之音慢速英語的詞匯及其故事。
 
English language dictionary publishers traditionally announce their words of the year as the year is coming to a close. Sometimes, they choose words based on how many times people look them up. Others select words that have been in the news a lot.
英語詞典出版商傳統(tǒng)上將他們的年度詞匯宣布為年度即將結(jié)束。有時，他們會根據(jù)人們查找單詞的次數(shù)來選擇單詞。其他人選擇經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在新聞中的詞。
 
Merriam-Webster dictionary
Merriam-Webster 詞典
 
This week, American dictionary publisher Merriam-Webster announced that it selected "gaslighting" as its word of the year for 2022.
本周，美國詞典出版商韋氏詞典宣布，它選擇“gaslighting”作為 2022 年的年度詞匯。

Merriam-Webster defines gaslighting as "the act or practice of grossly misleading someone, especially for one's own advantage."
Merriam-Webster 將 gaslighting 定義為“嚴重誤導(dǎo)某人的行為或做法，尤其是為了自己的利益。”
 
In 2022, lookups for gaslighting on merriam-webster.com increased 1,740 percent over the year before. Peter Sokolowski is Merriam-Webster's editor at large. He told the Associated Press, "It's a word that has risen so quickly in the English language, and especially in the last four years, that it actually came as a surprise to me and to many of us."
2022 年，在 merriam-webster.com 上對 gaslighting 的搜索量比前一年增加了 1,740%。 Peter Sokolowski 是韋氏詞典的特約編輯。他告訴美聯(lián)社，“這個詞在英語中的出現(xiàn)速度如此之快，尤其是在過去四年里，它實際上讓我和我們中的許多人感到驚訝。”
 
Merriam-Webster said English has many ways to say "lies," including falsehood, untruth, and disinformation. But in this age of misinformation with fake news, deepfakes and artificial intelligence, the word "gaslighting has emerged as a word for our time."
Merriam-Webster 說英語有很多表達“謊言”的方式，包括 falsehood、untruth 和 disinformation。但在這個充斥著假新聞、深度造假和人工智能的錯誤信息時代，“gaslighting”這個詞已經(jīng)成為我們這個時代的代名詞。
 
Other lookups on Merriam-Webster included oligarch, following Russia's invasion of Ukraine, Omicron, a fast-spreading version of the COVID-19 virus, and Queen Consort, as the wife of Britain's King Charles, Camilla, is now known.
Merriam-Webster 上的其他查詢包括俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭后的寡頭、快速傳播的 COVID-19 病毒版本 Omicron，以及英國國王查爾斯卡米拉的妻子 Queen Consort。
Cambridge dictionary
劍橋詞典
 
Now, if a British English dictionary publisher says it has chosen an American English word as its word of the year, you would likely say someone is gaslighting you.
現(xiàn)在，如果英國英語詞典出版商說它選擇了一個美國英語單詞作為年度詞匯，你可能會說有人在給你加油。
 
But that is exactly what happened.
現(xiàn)在，如果英國英語詞典出版商說它選擇了一個美國英語單詞作為年度詞匯，你可能會說有人在給你加油。
 
In November, Cambridge Dictionary announced that its word of the year for 2022 is… homer. Cambridge says homer, short for homerun, "is a point scored in baseball when you hit the ball, usually out of the playing field, and are able to run around all the bases at one time to the starting base."
11 月，劍橋詞典宣布其 2022 年年度詞匯是……荷馬。劍橋說本壘打是本壘打的縮寫，“是在棒球比賽中，當(dāng)你擊球時得分，通常是在比賽場地外，并且能夠一次繞過所有壘到達起始壘。”
 
Why homer, you ask?
你問為什么荷馬？
 
Cambridge said there were 65,000 searches for the word homer in a single day. It was May 5. That was the day when homer was the winning word on the popular online game Wordle.
劍橋表示一天內(nèi)有 65,000 次搜索荷馬這個詞。那是 5 月 5 日。那天，荷馬成為流行在線游戲 Wordle 的獲勝詞。
 
The British publisher said many Wordle players outside of the United States had not heard this word before. Some expressed their frustration on social media, but many more turned to Cambridge to find its meaning.
英國出版商表示，美國以外的許多 Wordle 玩家以前從未聽說過這個詞。一些人在社交媒體上表達了他們的沮喪，但更多的人轉(zhuǎn)向劍橋?qū)ふ宜囊饬x。
 
The popularity of Wordle also brought searches for other five-letter words, including caulk, tacit, humor, and bayou.
Wordle 的流行還帶來了對其他五個字母單詞的搜索，包括 caulk、tacit、humor 和 bayou。

So, now you know that we are not gaslighting you!
所以，現(xiàn)在您知道我們不是在給您加油！
 
Collins dictionary
柯林斯詞典
 
Another publisher, Collins, said 2022 seems to be a year of permanent crisis with the pandemic, the war in Ukraine, and the worldwide economic downturn.
另一位出版商柯林斯表示，2022 年似乎是充滿危機的一年，包括大流行病、烏克蘭戰(zhàn)爭和全球經(jīng)濟衰退。
 
So, Collins selected permacrisis as the word of the year for 2022. The dictionary defines the word as "an extended period of instability and insecurity."
因此，柯林斯選擇 permacrisis 作為年度詞匯2022 年。字典將這個詞定義為“一段長時間的不穩(wěn)定和不安全感”。
 
Collins said the year also gave us terms like quiet quitting, which involves doing no more work than necessary, and sportswashing, which people are accusing Qatar and Saudi Arabia are doing with the World Cup and LIV golf.
柯林斯說，這一年還給了我們一些術(shù)語，例如安靜戒煙，即不做不必要的工作，以及運動清洗，人們指責(zé)卡塔爾和沙特阿拉伯正在用世界杯和 LIV 高爾夫做這件事。
 
Oxford dictionary
牛津詞典
The editors of the Oxford dictionary said 2022 has been a year defined by re-opening after the pandemic. "However, although we have finally been able to physically reunite and come together again, our world somehow feels more divided than ever."
牛津詞典的編輯說，2022 年是疫情過后重新開放的一年。 “然而，盡管我們終于能夠在身體上團聚并再次聚在一起，但我們的世界在某種程度上感覺比以往任何時候都更加分裂。”
 
Oxford said the use of metaverse increased four times in October as people are debating the future of online activities. The word describes a new level of online experiences for socializing, learning, and playing.
牛津表示，隨著人們的爭論，元宇宙的使用在 10 月份增加了四倍在線活動的未來。這個詞描述了社交、學(xué)習(xí)和娛樂的新水平在線體驗。
 
From the war in Ukraine to the legal action between actors Johnny Depp and Amber Heard, people used #IStandWith on social media to express their support. And goblin mode is the idea of rejecting societal expectations in favor of doing whatever one wants to.
從烏克蘭戰(zhàn)爭到演員約翰尼德普和艾梅柏希爾德之間的法律訴訟，人們在社交媒體上使用#IStandWith 來表達他們的支持。地精模式是拒絕社會期望而支持做任何想做的事情的想法。
 
So, Oxford decided to leave the selection of word of the year to you.
因此，牛津決定將年度詞匯的選擇留給你。
 
Until Friday, December 2, you can vote for your favorite word as Oxford's word of the year 2022. The choices include metaverse, #IStandwith, and goblin mode.
在 12 月 2 日星期五之前，您可以投票選出您最喜歡的詞作為牛津 2022 年年度詞。選項包括虛擬世界、#IStandwith 和地精模式。