圖表作文(一) 第一節(jié)圖表作文的類(lèi)型 圖表作文可分為兩大類(lèi):表作文和圖作文。 表作文
表格(Table)可以使大量數(shù)據(jù)系統(tǒng)化,便于閱讀、比較。表格常由標(biāo)題(Title)、表頭(Boxhead)(表格的第一行)、側(cè)目(Stub)(表格左邊的第一列)和主體(Body)部分(表格的其余部分)等部分組成。如下表:
用表格表達(dá)的信息具體準(zhǔn)確,而且表格中的各項(xiàng)均按一定規(guī)律排列。閱讀表格時(shí)要注意找出表格中各個(gè)項(xiàng)目的相互關(guān)系,表格中各個(gè)項(xiàng)目的變化規(guī)律。例如,上面的表格中的數(shù)字說(shuō)明,和1978年相比,1983年大學(xué)入學(xué)的人數(shù)在增加,而小學(xué)的入學(xué)人數(shù)在減少。搞清楚這些變化規(guī)律也就讀懂了表格的內(nèi)容。 圖作文 圖作文又可分為三種:圓形圖作文、曲線(xiàn)圖作文和條狀圖作文。 (1) 圓形圖作文
圓形圖(Pie chart)也稱(chēng)為餅狀圖或圓面分割圖。圓形圖因?yàn)楸容^形象和直觀,各部分空間大小差別容易分辨,所以常用來(lái)表示總量和各分量之間的百分比關(guān)系。整個(gè)圓表示總量,楔形塊表示分量。有時(shí)圓形圖還有數(shù)值表,兩者結(jié)合可把各分量表示得更準(zhǔn)確、清楚。例如:
This is a pie chart of the average weekly expenditure of a family in Great Britain. As can be see from the chart, the main expenditure of an average British family is spent on food, which accounts for 25% of its total expenditure. The next two significant expending items are transport and housing, which are 15% and 12% respectively. If we take into account clothing and footwear, which makes up 10%, the four essentials of life, that is, food, transport, housing, and clothing and footwear, amount to 62% of the total expenditure.