英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題聽力是檢驗(yàn)學(xué)生英語(yǔ)實(shí)際應(yīng)用能力的重要標(biāo)尺，它不僅考查聽力理解能力，更體現(xiàn)了對(duì)語(yǔ)言綜合運(yùn)用的挑戰(zhàn)。掌握真題聽力，對(duì)于提升四級(jí)成績(jī)至關(guān)重要。本次，小編整理了2023年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題聽力部分卷一的內(nèi)容及答案，以供大家參考！
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just beard.
1. A) Their brains work in harmony.
B) They are generally the same age.
C) Their interests are quite similar.
D) They have the same ethnic background.
2. A) It can be touching.
B) It is hard to predict.
C) It can work both ways.
D) It resembles family ties.
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
3. A) Search for their half-brothers.
B) Identify their biological fathers.
C) Find out more about their ancestry.
D) See whether they are actually related.
4. A) They were both given up for adoption.
B) They were born to the same mother.
C) They flew 737 airplanes as pilots.
D) They were both 60 years of age.
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
5. A) One of his friends was caught littering.
B) Other tourists refused to join in the cleanup.
C) The beautiful beach was spoiled with lots of trash.
D) The kilometer-long beach was practically deserted.
6. A) A passerby.
B) A local woman.
C) The beach authorities.
D) One of the five tourists.
7. A) The tourists'good deed was not noticed by the locals.
B) Some natives were selling poor-quality food to tourists.
C) The number of tourists to the beach is on a steady decline.
D) It was tourists not natives who were cleaning up the beach.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 8 to 11 are basedontheconversationyou have just heard.
8.A)He has to play football with workmates.
B)He has got some books to read.
C)He is going to visit a friend.
D)He is physicallyunfitfor it.
9.A)To teach kids about animal protection.
B)To learn how popularzoos could be.
C)To see some rare animals in cages.
D)To give her little nephew a treat.
10.A)He enjoys excellent health.
B)He is keen on extreme sports.
C)He coaches tennis players every week.
D)He spends most of his time in the gym.
11.A)Tending to his swollen ankle.
B)Concentrating on reading.
C)Writing three book reports.
D)Planning Christmas celebrations.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12.A)It is being debated by hundreds of retirees.
B)It is attracting many people'sattention.
C)It partly records his own experience.
D)It argues for postponing retirement.
13.A)One should foresee a financial crisis.
B)One should trust financialplanners'figures.
C)One should have one million dollars to retire.
D)One should start saving as early as possible
14.A)It doesn't need to be permanent.
B)It shouldn't be considered risky.
C)It helps to reduce travel expenses.
D)It is the way to quit a job one hates.
15.A)By keeping close contact with one'semployers.
B)By retring when one reaches sixtyyears old.
C)By investing half of one's monthly income.
D)By following the counsel of financial planners.
Section C
Directions: In this section,you will hear three passages.At the end of each passage,yow wil hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the coresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16.A)They tended to be easily anticipated by those belonging to theirown race.
B)They tended to be arbitarily judged by individuals of opposing groups.
C)They were readily shared among members of the same social or racial group.
D)They were influenced by the presence of someone from an outsider group.
17.A)Whenthey tried to make a positive impression on the researchers.
B)When an unknown student from another university was present.
C)When an experimenter from the research team took notice.
D)When they were offered both candy andfruit as a snack.
18.A)By advertising its social benefits
B)By teaching consumers diet strategies.
C)By supporting struggling consumers.
D)By maintaining its positive image.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
19.A)The academic and leaning issues struggling students encounter.
B)The risk students face due to a history of mental health problems.
C)The effectof interacting with therapy dogs on studentsunder pressure.
D)The work universities are doingto help students succeed academically.
20.A)Their communicative skills.
B)Their executive functioning.
C)Their academicnetworking.
D)Their leadership capacities.
21.A)Rid students of their anxiety.
B)Add to some students'stress.
C)Contribute little to typicalstudents'success.
D)Help students with mental issues pull through.
Questions 22 to 25 arebased on the passage you have just heard.
22.A)Work hard and plan carefully.
B)Attempt to succeed at any cost.
C)Aim high and expect great results.
D)Remain optimistic even in difficulty.
23.A)Regarding failure as something inevitable.
B)Trying out innovative marketing strategies.
C)Venturing into sectors never explored before.
D)Being willing to experiment withnove ideas.
24.A)Expect future sucess so as to move forward.
B)Learn from our failure and forge ahead.
C)Distinguish between good and bad risks.
D)Examine our strategies and find out weaknesses.
25.A)Fresheroffers.
B)Safcr opcration.
C)More challenges.
D)Less competition.
Section A
News Report One
Have you noticed how similar you areto your friends?It may be because your brains operate inharmony with cach other.We knowthat friends are more likely to be the same age,gender and ethnic backgroundas each other.Now itseems their brains are alike,too.
Researchers at the University of California scannedthe brains of 42 classmates while they watched videos intended to provoke varying responses.Some people might finda romantic scene touching,forinstance,while others would feel it was embarrassing.The activityof friends'brains wasmore similarthan that of people who didn't know each other,particularly in regions involved in attention,emotion and language.This similarity was strong enough thatit could be used to predict whether two peoplewere already friends or not.The relationship probably goes two ways.We are drawn to people who think like us;we then influence theirthoughts overtime,which maypush their brain activityinto more closelyresemblingour own.
1.What may bethe reason that friends are similar toeach other according to the recent research?
2.What does the news report say about the relationship between friends?
News Report Two
Twomen whohave been best friends for 60 years have just realized theyare actually brothers.It's reported that Alan Robinson and WalterMacDonald met in the 6th grade at a school in Hawaii.They have been best friends ever since.Alan was given away for adoption soon after he was born,and Walter never knew his father.So recently,they made separate attempts on DNA matching websites to discover more about their ancestry.Walter was astonished to find thathe matched withwebsiteuser Robi737.He knewimmediatelythat this washis best friend Alan,whose friends call himRobi and flew 737airplanes when he was a pilot.The pair were born to the same mother 15 months apart.
3.What did both Alan Robinson andWalter MacDonald attempt to doon DNA matching websites?
4.What did thenews reportsay about Alan Robinson and Walter MacDonald?
News Report Three
Amid all the election drama,airpollution problems and diseaseoutbreaks,five tourists'good work is being spread online.Yesterday two male and three female tourists were spotted walking the kilometer-longbeach,picking up trash. One of the male tourists from Australia commented that although there was a lot of trash,nobody was doing anything.The heachwas not as nice or beautiful as itshould be.He felt so sad to aee such a gorgcous place littered with so much trash. Thus,heand hisfriends decided to grab a few trash bags andclean it all up
A man passingby decidedto video their good deed and put it on the internet. It was unclearwhere the rest of the groupwas from,but they were most likely traveling together.One local woman commented on being embarrassed that tourists were cleaning up their beach.Another mentioned that itwas actually the natives who brough food and drinks then left trash all alongthe island.
5.Whydid one of the male tourists feel sad?
6.Whoput the good deed vldeo on the internet?
7.Why did one local woman sayshe was embarrassed?
Section B
Conversation One
W:Hello Benjamin,Dan andI wllbegoing for a run along the canalSaturday morning.Wouldyou like to join us?
M:I'd love to.but I hurt my ankle last weekend playing football with work colleagues.
W:Oh dear,is it serious?
M:No,not at all.I landed badly during a fall and twisted ita little,but it's nobig deal.It'sjust a ltleswollen and I should be fine for next Saturday if you still want to go for a jog then.
W:I won't be herenext Saturday.I'm going to the zoo.
M:The zoo?
W:Yeah.My little nephew turns six,and he loves thezoo,so the whole family is going.
M:Oh,okay then.Ihaven't been to a zoo since Iwasakid.
W:They are nowhere near as popular as they used to be when we were children.I personally feel sorry for the poor animals stuck in cages,but there'sno denying they are fun and educational for children M:Do youknowif Dan will be around nextSaturday?
W:Yeah,I think he will.Just send him a text message.He's always keen on physical activities.
M:That'strue.Dan is extremely fitand healthy.He goes to the gym most days,plus tennis two or three times a weck.
W:So,what have youbeen doing to stay busy while you've had that swollen ankle?
M:I've been catching up on some reading. I was given three books overChristmas,and I'm onlynow getting around to reading them.
8.Why can't the man go for a run Saturday morning?
9.Why is the woman's whole family going to the zoo next Saturday?
10.What do we learn about Dan from the man's description?
11.What hastheman been doing since last weekend?
Conversation Two
W:Ourguest on today's Book Talk is John Black,the author of the newbestseller,Rerire Early.
M:Thanksfor having me on theshow,Lisa.
W:John,your book is getting a lotof attention,partly because you write that mostpeople can retire by 40.Istha realistic?
M:Definitely.When researching this book,I interviewed hundreds of peoplewho retired by 40.
W:Okay,but how much money does a person need to retire?I've read articles recommending onemillion dollars as a good figure for retirement.
M:Whilemost financial plannersdo give numbers,I don't think that's useful,as people are living in differentareas withdifferent costs of living,and have different needsand wants,which is why I suggest that people aim for financial independence.
W:What do you mean by financial independence?
M:Having investment income that's greater than monthlyexpenses.
W:That soundsriskyto me.What if an accident happensor you get lland ned medical treatment?Shouldn't people have extra cash foremergencies?
M:Too many people spend theirlives working on jobs they hate because they're afraid,so I counsel people to take risks.Retirement doesn't have to be permanent,and if people need to,they can go back to work.
W:But it's not always easy to get back into the workforce after an extended absence.
M:True,but if you keep current withyour skills,you will be attracted to employers.
W:Maybe,buthow can anyone save enoughto retire by 40 when most people can't retire at 60?
M:Simple,by cutting housing,food,and transportexpenses,and investing half your monthly income W:That sounds impossible.
M:I admitit's difficult,but it has worked for thousands.
12.What do we learn about the man'sbook published recently?
13.What do the articles the woman read recommend?
14.What does the man say about retirement?
15.How does the man say his proposal about retirementcan be carrled out?
Section C
Passage One
New research from Americastudies the role that the presence of individuals fromdifferent social or racial groups has in influencing consumers'food choices.This research found college students were more likely to choose healthy food in the presence of an observer of a different race,as opposed to an observer from their own race.The same was true when they were with someone from a different university,compared to someone from their own.Researchers say this was because participants anticipated more negative judgment from an outsider group. In contrast,they felt less judged by members of their own group.
In one experiment,participants wereoffered the choice betweencandy and fruit as a snack.When in thepresence of an unknown student from their own university,only 12 percent of students selected the healthier option.
However,this number was 31 per cent when in the presence of an unknown student from another university.Other experiments showed similarresults based on racial group.
What's the reason for this patten?The study found that people feeljudged to a larger extentby members of other groups.Because of this,they tategically use healthy food choices to make a positive impression.There have been many attempts to help consumers makehealthier choices,but consumers often struggle to maintaina healthy diet.This research finds that one way to promote a healthy diet could be to advertise the social benefitsof healthy choices.
16.What was the finding of the new research from Ameriea about consumers'food choices?
17.When did 31 per cent of students in the experiment selec the healthier option?
18.How could a healthy diet be promoted according to the findings of the new research?
Passage Two
Forcollege students under pressure,a dog maybe the best stress fighter around,according tothe findingof a recent study "It's a really powerful finding."said Patricia Pendry,who led the study.“Universities are doing a lot of great worktrying to help students succeed academically,especilly those who maybe at riskdue toa history of mental health issues oracademic and learning issues.[19]This study shows that traditionalstress management approaches aren't as effective for this population compared with programs that focus on providing opportunities to interact with therapy dogs."
The researchers measured executive functioning in the students involved in the study. Executive function is a term forthe skills one needs to plan,organize,motivate,concentrate and memorize.These areskills students need to succeed in college.The researchers found that students who were most at risk had the most improvements in executive functioningafter interacting withtherapydogs.Theseresults remainedwhen researchers followed up six weeks later.
Manyuniversities provide academie stress managementprograms and workshops.Theseare traditionally very similar tocollege classes.They often talk about ways toget more sleep,set goals,or manage stress or anxiety.Pendry acknowledges that these are really importan topics and these workshopshelptypical students succeed But they're less helpfulfor strugling students.Pendry believes thuse sludents may expericnce the programs as another lecture and feel eyen more stressed.
19.What doestherecent studyled byPatriclaPendry aim to examine?
20.What did the new study measure in the participants?
21.What does Patricia Pendry think traditional stress management programs may do?
Passage Three
Taking risksin business does not mean going into business blindly and then expecting great results.Onthe contrary,taking risks in entrepreneurship involves careful planning andhard work.Nobodycan really be sure if risks will be metwith success,no matter howcalculated they maybe.But this should not stop you fromtakingrisks,as risks are necessary if you want your business to succeed.
Some risks may not work out,butan optimistic risk-takerwill always look at failureasan opportunity to learn.The willingness to experimen with new ideas is key to business growth.As the old saying goes,"Nothin ventured,nothing gained."Failure will teach you howto think and plan strategically But just remember that no all risks are good ones,andwhen you fail,learm from it and move forward
Since most people tend to avoid risk,businesses that are brave enough to take risks already have a competitive advantage. They are the ones setting the standard with new ideas,fresh offers and bold inventions.Risk takers are bestat adapting in difficult times.Simply put,when most individuals stay away from risk,it means less competition for risk-takers. We don't know if you'll achieve what these risk-takers have achieved.But for as long as you want to stay safe,and foraslong as you are contentwithwhereyour business is right now,you will never find out.
22.What do entrepreneurs have to do when taking risksaccordingto the passage?
23.What does the passagesayis key to business growth?
24.What are we advised to do when we fail?
25.What does it mean to risk-taking businesses when most people tend to avoid risk?
1.根據(jù)最新研究，朋友之間彼此相似的原因可能是什么？
A）他們的大腦運(yùn)作協(xié)調(diào)一致。
B）他們的年紀(jì)通常一樣大。
C）他們的興趣非常相似。
D）他們有相同的種族背景。
解析：新聞開頭提到，我們與自己的朋友非常相似。緊接著說(shuō)了原因：這可能是因?yàn)槲覀兣c朋友的大腦運(yùn)作協(xié)調(diào)一致。故A項(xiàng)為正確答案。新聞中提到，朋友之間更可能在年齡、性別和種族背景方面相似，但新聞并未提到這就是我們與朋友相似的原因，故排除B項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)。C項(xiàng)新聞并未提及，可排除。
2.關(guān)于朋友間的關(guān)系，新聞報(bào)道說(shuō)了什么？
A）它可能是感人的。
B）它是很難預(yù)測(cè)的。
C）它可能是雙向的。
D）它類似于家庭關(guān)系。
解析：新聞末尾部分提到，朋友關(guān)系可能是雙向的。與我們想法相似的人會(huì)吸引我們，然后我們也會(huì)影響朋友的 想法，故C項(xiàng)為正確答案。新聞后面提到，朋友間的大腦活動(dòng)更為相似，這種相似性非常強(qiáng)大，足以用來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)兩個(gè)人是否已經(jīng)成為朋友，因此可排除B項(xiàng)。其余兩項(xiàng)新聞并未提及，可排除。
3.艾倫 ·羅賓遜和沃爾特 ·麥克唐納兩個(gè)人在DNA匹配網(wǎng)站都嘗試做了什么?
A)尋找他們同母異父或同父異母的兄弟
B)確認(rèn)他們的生父。
C) 尋找更多關(guān)于他們家世的信息。
D)弄清他們實(shí)際上是否有關(guān)系。
解析：新聞中提到，艾倫 ·羅賓遜和沃爾特·麥克唐納最近分別在DNA匹配網(wǎng)站上做了匹配，希望能發(fā)現(xiàn)更多關(guān)于他們家世的信息，故C項(xiàng)為正確答案。其余三個(gè)選項(xiàng)新聞并未提及，可排除。
4.關(guān)于艾倫·羅賓遜和沃爾特·麥克唐納，新聞報(bào)道說(shuō)了什么?
A）他們都是被送人收養(yǎng)的。
B）他們是同一個(gè)母親所生。
C）他們都是737飛機(jī)的飛行員。
D）他們都是60歲。
解析：新聞末尾提到，艾倫?羅賓遜和沃爾特?麥克唐納是同一個(gè)母親所生，年齡相差15個(gè)月，故B項(xiàng)為正確答案。新聞中提到，艾倫出生后不久就被送人收養(yǎng)，并沒有提到沃爾特也是被送人收養(yǎng)，故A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。新聞中提到，艾倫曾是737飛機(jī)的飛行員，并沒有說(shuō)艾倫和沃爾特都是該飛機(jī)的飛行員，故C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。新聞開頭提到，艾倫?羅賓遜和沃爾特?麥克唐納在上六年級(jí)時(shí)認(rèn)識(shí)并成為好朋友，相交60年，并不是說(shuō)他們倆的年齡是60歲，故D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。
5.為什么其中一位男游客感到難過(guò)？
A）他的一個(gè)朋友被發(fā)現(xiàn)亂扔垃圾。
B）其他游客拒絕參加清理工作。
C）許多垃圾破壞了美麗的海灘。
D）一公里長(zhǎng)的海灘幾乎空無(wú)一人。
5.新聞中提到，一位來(lái)自澳大利亞的男游客評(píng)論說(shuō)，雖然海灘上有很多垃圾，但沒有人管，海灘失去了解析：它應(yīng)有的美麗?？吹饺绱嗣利惖牡胤降教幎际抢?，他感到非常難過(guò)，故C項(xiàng)為正確答案。其余三個(gè)選項(xiàng)新聞均未提及，可排除。
6.是誰(shuí)把這段善舉視頻發(fā)布到了網(wǎng)上?
A）一位路人。
B）一位當(dāng)?shù)氐呐俊?nbsp;
C）海灘管理部門。
D）五名游客之一。
解析：新聞中提到，一名路過(guò)的男子把游客在海灘拾垃圾的善舉錄下來(lái)并發(fā)布到網(wǎng)上，故A項(xiàng)為正確答案。新聞中提到，一位當(dāng)?shù)嘏繉?duì)善舉視順發(fā)表了自己的評(píng)論，而非她把視頻發(fā)布到網(wǎng)上，故B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。其余兩項(xiàng)新聞均未提及，可排除。
7.為什么一位當(dāng)?shù)嘏空f(shuō)自己感到難堪?
A) 當(dāng)?shù)厝藳]有注意到游客的善舉。
B) 一些當(dāng)?shù)厝讼蛴慰统鍪哿淤|(zhì)食品。
C) 去海灘的游客數(shù)量在持續(xù)下降。
D) 清理海灘的是游客，而不是當(dāng)?shù)厝恕?/span>
解析：新聞中提到，海灘到處都是垃圾，但沒有人管，因此那幾位游客決定把海灘上的垃圾清理干凈，對(duì)此，一位當(dāng)?shù)嘏勘硎竞茈y堪，因?yàn)榍謇砗├氖怯慰?，而不是?dāng)?shù)厝?，故D項(xiàng)為正確答案。新聞中明確提 到，一個(gè)路人將那幾位游客的善舉錄下來(lái)并發(fā)布到網(wǎng)上，故A項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤。其余兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)新聞均未提及，可排除。
8.為什么男士周六早上不能去跑步?
A）他必須和同事踢足球。
B）他有幾本書要讀。
C）他要去拜訪一位朋友。
D）他的身體狀況不適合。
解析：在對(duì)話一開始，女士詢問(wèn)男士是否愿意周六早上和他們一起沿著運(yùn)河跑步，男士說(shuō)他很想去，但是他在上周末和同事踢足球時(shí)傷到了腳踝，所以他的身體狀況不適合去跑步，故答案是D項(xiàng)。男士上周末和同事踢了足球，沒有說(shuō)周六早上也要踢足球，故排除A項(xiàng)；在對(duì)話末尾，男士提到自己腳受傷后一直在讀書，但是這并非他周六早上不能去跑步的直接原因，故排除B項(xiàng)；C項(xiàng)對(duì)話中沒有提到，故排除。
9.為什么女士全家下周六都要去動(dòng)物園？
A）教孩子們保護(hù)動(dòng)物。
B）了解動(dòng)物園有多受歡迎。
C）看看籠子里的珍稀動(dòng)物。
D）帶她的小侄子去玩。
解析：在對(duì)話中，女士提到下周六她要去動(dòng)物園，因?yàn)樗男≈蹲雍芟矚g動(dòng)物園，所以她全家都要陪他去，故答案為D項(xiàng)。女士提到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)物園遠(yuǎn)不如他們小時(shí)候那么受歡迎了，但她全家去動(dòng)物園并非是為了了解動(dòng)物園有多受歡迎，故排除B項(xiàng)；女士提到她個(gè)人很同情那些被關(guān)在籠子里的可憐動(dòng)物，C項(xiàng)“看看籠子里的珍稀動(dòng)物”的 “珍稀動(dòng)物”與此不一致，也不是她去動(dòng)物園的目的，故排除；A項(xiàng)在對(duì)話中沒有相關(guān)信息，故也排除。
10.從男士的描述中, 我們對(duì)丹有什么了解？
A）他身體非常健康。
B）他熱衷于極限運(yùn)動(dòng)。
C）他每周都訓(xùn)練網(wǎng)球運(yùn)動(dòng)員。
D）他把大部分時(shí)間都花在健身房里。
解析：對(duì)話中男士和女士都對(duì)丹有一些評(píng)價(jià)，其中男士提到，丹的身體非常強(qiáng)健，所以答案為A項(xiàng)。女士提到，丹總是熱衷于體育活動(dòng)，B項(xiàng)的“極限運(yùn)動(dòng)”與此信息不一致，故排除；男士提到，丹每周還打兩三次網(wǎng)球，C項(xiàng)的“訓(xùn)練網(wǎng)球運(yùn)動(dòng)員”與此信息不一致，故排除；男士提到，丹大多數(shù)日子(most days)都去健 身房，這和D項(xiàng)“他把大部分時(shí)間都花在健身房里”語(yǔ)義有差別，most days表示大多數(shù)日子，指去的次數(shù)頻繁，但他在健身房待的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短未知，most of his time(他的大部分時(shí)間)則表示他幾乎每天都花大量的時(shí)間在健身房，故排除D項(xiàng)。
11.從上周末開始，男士一直在做什么?
A)護(hù)理他腫脹的腳踝。
B)專心讀書。
C)寫三份讀書報(bào)告。
D)計(jì)劃圣誕節(jié)慶?；顒?dòng)。
解析：在話一開始，男士提到自己上個(gè)周末和同事踢足球的時(shí)候傷到了腳踝，在對(duì)話最后，女士問(wèn)男士他腳踝腫了后都在忙什么,男士回答道他一直忙著讀一些書，綜合兩處信息可知，從上周末傷了腳踝后，男士一直都在專心讀書，故選B項(xiàng)。男士提到自己一直在讀圣誕節(jié)期間收到的三本書，但并沒有提到自己在寫三份讀書報(bào)告，故排除C項(xiàng)；A 項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)對(duì)話中都沒有相關(guān)信息，故均排除。
12.關(guān)于男士最近出版的書，我們了解到什么?
A) 數(shù)百位退休人員正在討論它。
B) 它吸引了許多人的關(guān)注。
C) 它部分記錄了他自己的經(jīng)歷。
D) 它主張延遲退休。
解析：在訪談一開始，女士提到男士的書當(dāng)下受到很多人的關(guān)注，所以答案為B項(xiàng)。訪談中男士提到在為這本書做調(diào)研時(shí)，他采訪了數(shù)百位在40歲之前退休的人，A 項(xiàng)與此信息不符，故排除；女士提到男士的書中寫道 大多數(shù)人都可以在40歲之前退休，所以書中主張的是提前退休，而不是延遲退休，故排除D 項(xiàng) ；C 項(xiàng)在訪談中沒有相關(guān)信息，故也排除。
13.女士讀過(guò)的文章提供了什么建議?
A)人們應(yīng)該預(yù)見到金融危機(jī)。
B) 人們應(yīng)該相信理財(cái)規(guī)劃師的數(shù)據(jù)。
C) 人們應(yīng)該有一百萬(wàn)美元才能退休。
D) 人們應(yīng)該盡早開始儲(chǔ)蓄。
解析：在訪談中，女士提了一個(gè)問(wèn)題，即一個(gè)人需要多少錢才能退休，然后她說(shuō)自己讀過(guò)一些文章，建議將一百萬(wàn)美元作為退休的理想數(shù)字，也就是說(shuō)，一個(gè)人應(yīng)該有一百萬(wàn)美元才能退休，所以正確答案是C項(xiàng)。雖然訪談中男士提到大多數(shù)理財(cái)規(guī)劃師都會(huì)給出數(shù)字，即退休儲(chǔ)備金額，但女士讀的文章并沒有建議應(yīng)該相信理財(cái)規(guī)劃師的數(shù)據(jù)，故排除B項(xiàng)；雖然女士提到人們應(yīng)該有額外的現(xiàn)金以備不時(shí)之需，但沒有提到盡早開始儲(chǔ)蓄，這也不是女士讀的文章提供的建議，故排除D 項(xiàng)；選項(xiàng)A在訪談中沒有相關(guān)信息，故也排除。
14.關(guān)于退休, 男士說(shuō)了什么？
A）它無(wú)需是永久性的。
B）不應(yīng)該認(rèn)為它是有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的。
C）它有助于減少旅行支出。
D）它是辭去討厭的工作的方式。
解析：在訪談中，男士提到有太多人因?yàn)楹ε露K其一生都在從事自己討厭的工作，所以他建議人們?nèi)ッ半U(xiǎn)，而且他補(bǔ)充說(shuō)退休不一定是永久性的，如果人們需要，他們可以回去工作，所以正確答案是A 項(xiàng)。男上提到他建議人們?nèi)ッ半U(xiǎn)，即辭去工作，早點(diǎn)退休，但男士并未提及退休是否有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，故排除B項(xiàng)；男士提到有 太多人因?yàn)楹ε露K其一生都在從事自己討厭的工作，但并非是說(shuō)，退休是辭去討厭的工作的方式，故排 除D項(xiàng)；C項(xiàng)在訪談中沒有相關(guān)信息，故也排除。
15.關(guān)于男士提出的退休的建議，他說(shuō)如何實(shí)施?
A)通過(guò)與雇主保持密切聯(lián)系。
B)通過(guò)到六十歲時(shí)再退休。
C)通過(guò)將每月收入的一半用于投資。
D)通過(guò)聽從理財(cái)規(guī)劃師的建議
解析：在訪談最后，女士提出問(wèn)題，即如何在40歲之前就存夠錢退休呢?男士提供的方法包括減少住房、食物和交通開支，并把每月收入的一半用來(lái)投資，C項(xiàng)與此信息一致，故為正確答案。其他選項(xiàng)在訪談中都沒有 提到，均排除。
16.美國(guó)關(guān)于消費(fèi)者食物選擇的新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么?
A) 它們往往很容易被自己種族的人預(yù)測(cè)到。
B) 它們往往會(huì)被對(duì)立群體的個(gè)人任意評(píng)判。
C) 它們很容易在同一社會(huì)或種族群體的成員之間共享。
D) 它們受到了來(lái)自外部群體的人的影響。
解析：文中提到，這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，與來(lái)自同種族的觀察者在場(chǎng)時(shí)相比，大學(xué)生更有可能在與自己不同種族的觀察者在場(chǎng)的情況下選擇健康食品。比起與同大學(xué)的人在一起時(shí)，當(dāng)他們與來(lái)自不同大學(xué)的人在一起時(shí)，也是如 此。研究人員表示，這是因?yàn)閰⑴c者預(yù)測(cè)外部群體會(huì)做出更多的負(fù)面評(píng)判。由此可知，消費(fèi)者食物選擇受到了 來(lái)自外部群體的人的影響。選項(xiàng)D與文章內(nèi)容一致，因此為正確答案。選項(xiàng)A、B和C文章中均未提及，故排除。
17.實(shí)驗(yàn)中31%的學(xué)生什么時(shí)候選擇了更健康的食物?
A)當(dāng)他們?cè)噲D給研究人員留下一個(gè)積極的印象時(shí)。
B)當(dāng)一個(gè)來(lái)自另一所大學(xué)的陌生學(xué)生在場(chǎng)時(shí)。
C) 當(dāng)研究小組的實(shí)驗(yàn)者注意到的時(shí)候。
D) 當(dāng)他們得到糖果和水果作為零食的時(shí)候。
解析：文章中提到，當(dāng)有一個(gè)來(lái)自自己大學(xué)的陌生學(xué)生在場(chǎng)時(shí)，只有12%的學(xué)生選擇了更健康的食物。然而，當(dāng)有一個(gè)來(lái)自另一所大學(xué)的陌生學(xué)生在場(chǎng)時(shí)，這一數(shù)字為31%。選項(xiàng)B 與文章內(nèi)容一致，因此為正確答案。選項(xiàng)A 、C和D文章中均未提及，故排除。
18.根據(jù)這項(xiàng)新研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)，如何促進(jìn)健康飲食?
A)通過(guò)宜傳其社會(huì)效益。
B)通過(guò)向消費(fèi)者傳授飲食策略。
C)通過(guò)支持苦苦掙扎的消費(fèi)者。
D)通過(guò)維持其正面形象。
解析：文最后提到，這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，促進(jìn)健康飲食的一種方法可能是宣傳健康選擇的社會(huì)效益。選項(xiàng)A與文章內(nèi)容一致，因此為正確答案。選項(xiàng)B 、C和D文章中均未提及，故排除。
19.帕特里夏·彭德里最近主導(dǎo)的這項(xiàng)研究旨在調(diào)查什么?
A) 陷入困境的學(xué)生遇到的學(xué)術(shù)和學(xué)業(yè)問(wèn)題。
B) 學(xué)生因有精神健康問(wèn)題史而面臨的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
C) 與治療犬互動(dòng)對(duì)承受壓力的學(xué)生的影響
D) 大學(xué)為幫助學(xué)生在學(xué)業(yè)上取得成功所做的工作。
解析：文章開頭提到，最近的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，對(duì)于承受壓力的大學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，狗可能是最好的減壓幫手。隨后主導(dǎo)這項(xiàng)研究的帕特里夏 ·彭德里說(shuō)道：這項(xiàng)研究表明，與專注于提供跟治療犬互動(dòng)機(jī)會(huì)的項(xiàng)目相比，傳統(tǒng)的 壓力管理方法對(duì)這人群并沒有那么有效。由此可知，這項(xiàng)研究旨在調(diào)查與治療犬互動(dòng)對(duì)承受壓力的學(xué)生的 影響。選項(xiàng)C 與文章內(nèi)容一致，因此為正確答案。A、B、D 三項(xiàng)在文中均有提及，但都不是這項(xiàng)研究的調(diào)查目的，故排除。
20.這項(xiàng)新研究評(píng)估了參與者的什么?
A)他們的溝通技巧。
B )他們的執(zhí)行功能 。
C)他們的學(xué)術(shù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。
D)他們的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力。
解析：文章中提到，研究人員評(píng)估了參與研究的學(xué)生的執(zhí)行功能。選項(xiàng)B與文章內(nèi)容一致，因此為正確答案。選 項(xiàng)A 、C和D文章中均未提及，故排除。
21.帕特里夏·彭德里認(rèn)為傳統(tǒng)的壓力管理課程可能有什么影響?
A)消除學(xué)生的焦慮。
B)增加一些學(xué)生的壓力。
C)對(duì)典型學(xué)生的成功幫助甚微。
D)幫助有心理問(wèn)題的學(xué)生渡過(guò)難關(guān)。
解析：文章最后提到，彭德里承認(rèn)這些研討會(huì)幫助典型的學(xué)生取得成功。但它們對(duì)陷入困境的學(xué)生幫助甚微。彭德里認(rèn)為，這些學(xué)生可能會(huì)把這些課程當(dāng)成另一種形式的講座，并感到更有壓力。也就是說(shuō)，這些課程會(huì) 給陷入困境的學(xué)生增加壓力，選項(xiàng)B與文章內(nèi)容一致，因此為正確答案。這些研討會(huì)幫助典型的學(xué)生取得 成功，而對(duì)陷入困境的學(xué)生幫助甚微，選項(xiàng)A以偏概全，選項(xiàng)C和D表述與文章內(nèi)容相悖，故均排除。
22.根據(jù)文章，企業(yè)家在承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)時(shí)需要做什么?
A)努力工作，悉心規(guī)劃。
B)不惜任何代價(jià)取得成功。
C)志存高遠(yuǎn)，期望取得好的成果。
D)即使在困難中也要保持樂觀。
解析：文章開頭提到，在商業(yè)中承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)并不意味著盲目地創(chuàng)業(yè)，然后期望取得好的成果。相反，在創(chuàng)業(yè)中承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)需要悉心規(guī)劃和努力工作。選項(xiàng)A 與文章內(nèi)容一致，因此為正確答案。選項(xiàng)B、C和D 文章中均未提及，故排除。
23.文章認(rèn)為企業(yè)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵是什么?
A)認(rèn)為失敗是不可避免的事情。
B)嘗試創(chuàng)新的營(yíng)銷策略
C)涉足從未探索過(guò)的領(lǐng)域。
D)愿意嘗試新穎的想法 。
解析：文章中提到，愿意嘗試新想法是企業(yè)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵。選項(xiàng)D與文章內(nèi)容一致，因此為正確答案。選項(xiàng)A、B和C文章中均未提及，故排除。
24.失敗時(shí)，建議我們做什么?
A)期待未來(lái)的成功，以便繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。
B) 從失敗中吸取教訓(xùn)，勇往直前。
C)區(qū)分好的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和不良風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
D)檢查我們的策略并找出弱點(diǎn)。
解析：文章中提到，失敗時(shí)，要從中吸取教訓(xùn)，繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。選項(xiàng)B與文章內(nèi)容一致，因此為正確答案。文章中提到并非所有的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)都是好的，但這并不是建議我們區(qū)分好的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和不良風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，故排除選項(xiàng)C。選項(xiàng)A和D文章中均未提及，故排除。
25.當(dāng)大多數(shù)人都傾向于規(guī)避風(fēng)險(xiǎn)時(shí)，這對(duì)于承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的企業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)意味著什么?
A)更新的提議。
B)更安全的運(yùn)作。
C)更多的挑戰(zhàn)。
D)更少的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。
解析：文章中提到，由于大多數(shù)人都傾向于規(guī)避風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，因此勇于承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的企業(yè)已經(jīng)具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)當(dāng)大多數(shù)人遠(yuǎn)離風(fēng)險(xiǎn)時(shí)，就意味著風(fēng)險(xiǎn)承擔(dān)者的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)會(huì)減少。選項(xiàng)D與文章內(nèi)容一致，因此為正確答案。文章提及，勇于承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的企業(yè)是用新的想法、新的提議和大膽的發(fā)明來(lái)樹立標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，選項(xiàng)A是根據(jù)文章中出現(xiàn)的fresh offers而設(shè)置的干擾項(xiàng)，故排除。選項(xiàng)B和C文章中均未提及，故排除。
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