英語(yǔ)六級(jí)閱讀真題，不僅強(qiáng)化詞匯與句型理解，更提升閱讀速度與綜合分析能力。實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練，讓考生熟悉題型變化，掌握解題技巧，是沖刺六級(jí)高分不可或缺的寶貴資源。今天，小編將分享2023年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)閱讀真題以及答案（卷一）相關(guān)內(nèi)容，希望能為大家提供幫助！
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
The desert is deceiving. At first glance it looks lifeless, barren, and bone-dry. For most passersby humming through the Mojave on their way to try their luck in Las Vegas or heading towards the Grand Canyon, it's just a _26_ stretch of land with some mountains in the distance and more _27_ to be a setting for a movie that takes place on Mars. The desert, however, is _28_ with life, mystery, and magic.
The Mojave desert sees less than two inches of rain a year, and like most deserts, is a land of _29_ . Temperature fluctuations vary from freezing to _30_ hot, not only between seasons, but even within the same day.
At the heart of this vast, 25,000-square-mile desert is Mojave National Preserve. The folks managing and working there wear the wide-brimmed(寬邊的) hats that have become _31_ with places like Yosemite. The preserve is rich with history, culture, biodiversity, and endless opportunities to _32_ your interest, especially for anyone who loves the outdoors. For a photographer, it requires patience and _33_ a few spare tires to maneuver the network of unpaved“roads”, but the rewards are plenty.
Photographing here requires a good,_34_ pair of shoes and a lot of preparation. Plenty of water, spare tires, and a full tank of gas are needed to explore this unit of the national park system, which is the third largest in the country.
Like all deserts, though, if you are patient, you will be rewarded, as they often reveal their secrets slowly. During my last outing, I was surprised to see how much of the area was shaped by ancient volcanoes and geological forces, much of which remains today, giving the area a _35_ feel and painting a colorful background for great photographs.
A) apt
B) burning
C) extremes
D) flat
E) fractions
F) overflowing
G) parasites
H) probably
I) sparingly
J) sprinkle
K) steer
L) stimulate
M) sturdy
N) synonymous
O) unique
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
African countries must get smarter with their agriculture
A) On the hills of central Kenya, almost lime-green with the sparkle of tea bushes in the sunlight, farmers know all about climate change. “The rainy season is no longer predictable,” says one. “When it is supposed to rain it doesn't, then it all comes at once.” Climate change is an issue that will affect everyone on the planet. For Africans its consequences will be particularly bitter: whereas other regions were able to grow rich by burning coal and oil, Africa will pay much of the human price without having enjoyed the benefits.“Africa only represents 2% of global greenhouse-gas emissions but it is the continent that is expected to suffer the most from climate impacts,” says Mafalda Duarte, who runs the World Bank's $8bn Climate Investment Funds.
B) Although there are huge uncertainties as to the precise impacts of climate change, enough is known to say that global warming represents one of the main threats to Africa's prosperity. Parts of the continent are already warming much more quickly than the average: temperatures in southern Africa have increased by about twice the global rate over the past 50 years. Even if the world were to cut emissions enough to keep global warming below 1.5℃, heat-waves would intensify in Africa and diseases would spread to areas not currently affected. Farming would also be hit hard. About 40% of the land now used to grow maize (玉米) would no longer be suitable for it. Overall, it is estimated that maize yields would fall by 18-22%.
C) Africa is particularly vulnerable, in part because it is already struggling to feed itself and it will have to vastly increase yields and productivity if it is to put food on the plates of a fast-growing population, even without climate change. The UN's Food and Agriculture Organisation reckons that by 2050 global food production would have to rise by about 70% over its level of 2009 to meet demand from a population that is growing in numbers and appetite. Much of this new demand will be in Africa. Yet the continent already imports about$50bn-worth of food a year and that figure is expected to more than double over the next five years. Self- sufficiency is not Africa's goal, but the fact that it spends more money importing food than it does buying capital goods suggests it has room for improvement.
D) Finding out why is not hard. Most farms are tiny, ploughed by hand and reliant on rain. More than half of Africa's people make their living from farming. Although its total harvest has climbed over the past few decades, this is mainly because there are more people farming more land. But in many places there is no spare land to farm. Plots in Rwanda are so small that you could fit 250 of them onto the average American farm. And although output per worker has improved by more than half over the past 30 years in Africa, that is still far behind the 2.5 times improvement in Asia. Yields of maize are generally less than two tonnes per hectare, a fifth the level in America.
E) The low productivity of African farmers is reflected in national economic statistics— despite absorbing so much labour, farming generates just 15% of GDP. “They can't even feed their families,” says Jennifer Blanke, a vice-president of the African Development Bank in charge of agriculture. “Farm productivity hasn't improved in many parts of Africa for 100 years.”
F) One reason is that in the first few decades of independence, many African governments neglected farming as they focused on industrialising their economies. Others damaged it by pushing down the prices that state monopolies paid for their crops in order to subsidise workers in cities with cheap food. Ghana taxed cocoa(可可粉) exports so heavily that production collapsed by half between the 1960s and 1980s, despite a jump in the global price of cocoa. Yet over the past two decades or so governments and donors have begun to look again at farming as a way of providing jobs for the 13 million young people entering the workforce each year. Much of the focus has been on getting small farmers to use fertiliser and, more important, better seeds. The results can be impressive. Improved varieties of sorghum(高粱), for instance, can produce a crop that is 40% larger than the usual variety. Infrastructure is important. A World Bank irrigation project in Ethiopia helped farmers increase their potato harvest from about 8 tonnes per hectare to 35 tonnes.
G) Better techniques help, too. Small coffee farmers in Kenya are able to increase their incomes by 40% by following a few simple guidelines on caring for their bushes, such as trimming all but three of their stems. Many of their neighbours do not follow the advice, because it seems counter-intuitive. More stems ought to lead to more coffee beans, they say. Yet after seeing those following the advice get bigger harvests for a season or two, many others start doing the same.
H) One way of spreading knowledge is to J ink farms to big buyers of their harvests. When Diageo, a British drinks giant, built a brewery in western Kenya, it wanted to use local crops to make a beer cheap enough to compete with illicit home brew. It organised farmers into groups, improved supply chains for them to get seeds and fertiliser and then agreed to buy their grain. It now provides a market to about 17,000 farmers. Across the region it has doubled its use of local raw material to about 80% over five years, says John O' Keeffe, who runs its Africa business.
I) An even more important change is the move from traditional farming to building businesses that can profitably bring technology and investment to small farmers. Taita Ngetich, a young Kenyan, was studying engineering when he wanted to earn a little money on the side. He scraped together 20,000 Kenyan shillings(about $200) to plant tomatoes. Everything went wrong. The crop was attacked by pests. “Then there wasa massive flood that swallowed all our capital,” he says. Mr Ngetich persevered by looking into buying a greenhouse to protect his plants from bugs and rain. The cheapest ones cost more than $2,500 each, so he designed his own for half the price. Soon neighbouring farmers started placing orders with him, and now his firm, Illuminum Greenhouses, has sold more than 1,400 greenhouse s that provide livelihoods to about 6,000 people. The business does not stop there; he also supplies fertiliser, high-quality seedlings and smart sensors that increase yields.
J) Illuminum's success shows how technology can help even small farms become more productive. Because such a large share of Africa's population earns a living from agricul: ure, even small improvements in productivity can lift the incomes of millions of people. But over the longer run small-scale farming can go only so far, especially in the face of climate change and population pressure.
K)“If we really want to lift people out of poverty we have to finance projects that will get them an income of at least $100 a month so that they can pay for health care and education,” says Mr Ngetich. “Projects that give them an extra $2 a month from growing beans or maize aren't going to get them there.” Getting those big jumps will need better jobs in factories and cities.
36. It is said that agricultural productivity in many African countries has remained low for a century.
37. Building connections between farms and major purchasers of their produce can promote African farmers' use of advanced farming techniques.
38. Parts of Africa are getting warmer much faster than the average, with southern Africa witnessing roughly twice the global warming rate over the last half century.
39. Improved farming practices have enabled Kenyan farmers to increase farm produce remarkably.
40. Africa is especially susceptible to the effects of global warming partly because it has difficulty feeding its increasing population even without climate change.
41. The use of fertiliser and improved seeds can help Africa's small farmers impressively increase crop yields.
42. It has proved even more important to shift from traditional farming to setting up businesses that can bring technology and investment to small farmers in Africa.
43. Everyone in the world will have to bear the consequences of climate change, especially Africans.
44. Improvement in farm output per worker in Africa falls far short of that in Asia.
45. In the long term, the potential for small farms in Africa to increase productivity is quite limited, especially owing to the warming climate and a growing population.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
One of the great successes of the Republican Party in recent decades is the relentless propagation of a simple formula for economic growth: tax cuts.
The formula doesn't work, but that has not affected its popularity. And while the cult of tax cuts has attracted many critics, it lacks for obvious rivals.
Democratic politicians have tended to campaign on helping people left behind by economic growth. When Democrats do talk about encouraging economic growth, they often sound like Republicans.
This is not just a political problem for Democrats; it is an economic problem for the United States. The nation needs a better story about the drivers of economic growth. The painful lessons of recent decades point to a promising candidate: higher wages.
Raising the wages of American workers ought to be the priority of economic policymakers. We'd all be better off paying less attention to quarterly updates on the growth of the nation's gross domestic product (GDP) and focusing instead on the growth of workers' paychecks.
Set aside, for the moment, the familiar argument for higher wages: fairness. The argument here is that higher wages can fuel the engine of economic growth.
Perhaps the most famous illustration of the benefits is the story of Henry Ford's decision in 1914 to pay $5a day to workers on his Model T assembly lines. He did it to increase production— he was paying a premium to maintain a reliable workforce. The unexpected benefit was that Ford's factory workers became Ford customers, too.
The same logic still holds: Consumption drives the American economy, and workers who are paid more can spend more.
Mainstream economists insist that it is impossible to order up a sustainable increase in wages because compensation levels reflect the unerring judgment of market forces.
The conventional wisdom held that productivity growth was the only route to higher wages. Through that lens, efforts to negotiate higher wages were counterproductive. Minimum-wage laws would raise unemployment because there was only so much money in the wage pool, and if some people got more, others would get none.
It was in the context of this worldview that it became popular to argue that tax cuts would drive prosperity. Rich people would invest, productivity would increase, wages would rise.
In the real world, things are more complicated. Wages are influenced by a tug of war between employers and workers, and employers have been winning. One clear piece of evidence is the widening gap between productivity growth and wage growth since roughly 1970. Productivity has more than doubled; wages have lagged far behind.
A focus on wage growth would provide an antidote (矯正方法) to the attractive simplicity of the belief in the magical power of tax cuts.
46. Why does the formula of tax cuts remain popular though ineffective?
A) Its critics' voice has not been heard throughout the country.
B) There seem to be no other options available to replace it.
C) The cult of tax cuts has been relentlessly propagated by all policymakers.
D) There appears to be a misunderstanding of the formula among the public.
47. What does the author think is a more effective measure for driving economic growth in the U. S.?
A) Aiding people left behind by economic growth.
B) Prioritizing the growth of the nation's GDP.
C) Increasing the compensation for labor.
D) Introducing even more extensive tax cuts.
48. What is the logic underlying the author's viewpoint?
A) The growth of workers' paychecks ultimately boosts the nation's economy.
B) Paying a premium to maintain a reliable workforce attracts more customers.
C) Consumption stimalates the desire for higher wages.
D) Familiar arguments for higher wages are outdated.
49. What is the basis for higher wages according to the conventional wisdom?
A) Fairness in distribution.
B) Increase in productivity.
C) The priority of economic policymakers.
D) The unerring judgment of market forces.
50. What do we learn about things in the real world in America for the past 50 years or so?
A) People have failed to see a corresponding increase in wages and in productivity.
B) People have been disheartened by the widening gap between the haves and have-nots.
C) People have witnessed a tug of war between Republicans and Democrats over tax cuts.
D) People have seen the link disappearing between productivity and workers' well-being.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Journal editors decide what gets published and what doesn't, affecting the careers of other academics and influencing the direction that a field takes. You'd hope, then, that journals would do everything they can to establish a diverse editorial board, reflecting a variety of voices, experiences, and identities.
Unfortunately a new study in Nature Neuroscience makes for disheartening reading. The team finds that the majority of editors in top psychology and neuroscience journals are male and based in the United States: a situation that may be amplifying existing gender inequalities in the field and influencing the kind of research that gets published.
Men were found to account for 60% of the editor s of psychology journals. There were significantly more male than female editors at each level of seniority, and men made up the majority of editor s in over three quarters of the journals. Crucially, the proportion of female editor s was significantly lower than the overall proportion of women psychology researchers.
The differences were even starker in the neuroscience journals: 70% of editors were male, and men held the majority of editorial positions in 88% of journals. In this case, the proportion of female editors was not significantly lower than the proportion of female researchers working in neuroscience—a finding that reveals enduring gender disparities in the field more broadly.
Based on their results, the team concludes that“the ideas, values and decision-making biases of men are overrepresented in the editorial positions of the most recognized academic journals in psychology and ncuroscience.”
Gender inequality in science is often attributed to the fact that senior academics are more likely to be male, because historically science was male-dominated: it's argued that as time goes on and more women rise to senior roles, the field will become more equal. Yet this study showed that even the junior roles in psychology journals tended to be held disproportionately by men, despite the fact that there are actually more female than male junior psychology faculty.
This implies that a lack of female academics is not the problem. Instead, there are structural reasons that women are disadvantaged in science. Women receive lower salaries and face greater childcare demands, for instance, which can result in fewer publications and grants— the kinds of things that journals look for when deciding who to appoint. Rather than simply blaming the inequality of editorial boards on tradition, we should be actively breaking down these existing barriers.
A lack of diversity among journal editor s also likely contributes to psychology's WEIRD problem. If journal editors are largely men from the United States, then they will probably place higher value on papers that are relevant to Western, ma le populations, whether consciously or not.
51. What would we expect an editorial board of an academic journal to exhibit in view of its important responsibilities?
A) Insight.
B) Expertise.
C) Integrity.
D) Diversity.
52. What do we learn from the findings of a new study in Nature Neuroscience?
A) The majority of top psychology and neuroscience journals reflect a variety of voices, experiences and identities.
B) The editorial boards of most psychology and neuroscience journals do influence the direction their field takes.
C) The editorial boards of the most important journals in psychology and neuroscience are male-dominated.
D) The majority of editor s in top psychology and neuroscience journals have relevant backgrounds.
53. What fact does the author highlight concerning the gender differences in editors of psychology journals?
A) There were quite a few female editors who also distinguished themselves as influential psychology researchers.
B) The number of female editors was simply disproportionate to that of women engaged in psychology research.
C) The proportion of female editors was increasingly lower at senior levels.
D) There were few female editors who could move up to senior positions.
54. What can we infer from the conclusion drawn by the team of the new study on the basis of their findings?
A) Women's views are underrepresented in the editorial boards of top psychology and neuroscience journals.
B) Male editor s of top psychology and neuroscience journals tend to be biased against their female colleagues.
C) Male researchers have enough representation in the editorial boards to ensure their publications.
D) Female editors have to struggle to get women's research articles published in academic journals.
55. What does the author suggest we do instead of simply blaming the inequality of editorial boards on tradition?
A) Strike a balance between male and female editors.
B) Increase women's employment in senior positions.
C) Enlarge the body of female academics.
D) Implement overall structural reforms.
26.D) flat(adj.平坦的; 水平的 n.公寓)
【語(yǔ)義判斷】文章開(kāi)頭提及沙漠具有欺騙性，然后提到了莫哈韋沙漠，由此可知，此處進(jìn)一步解釋莫哈韋沙漠是一片什么樣的土地，根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，沙漠一般是“平坦的”，故備選形容詞和分詞中flat符合語(yǔ)境。
27.A) apt(adj.合適的, 恰當(dāng)?shù)? 易于……的)
【語(yǔ)義判斷】根據(jù)本句的介紹，莫哈韋沙漠是一片平坦之地，遠(yuǎn)處有山脈，這樣的地理特征“易于”聯(lián)想到發(fā)生在火星上的電影的場(chǎng)景，(be) apt to do sth.為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“易于做某事，傾向于做某事”，符合語(yǔ)境。
28.F) overflowing(v.充滿)
【語(yǔ)義判斷】文章開(kāi)篇提到沙漠具有欺騙性，乍一看，它看起來(lái)毫無(wú)生氣、貧瘠且干燥至極。而此處使用however表示轉(zhuǎn)折, 指出沙漠其實(shí)“充滿了”生命、神秘和魔力。be overflowing with是固定短語(yǔ),意為“充滿”，符合語(yǔ)境。
29.C) extremes(n.極端)
【語(yǔ)義判斷】下文提及，這片沙漠溫度波動(dòng)的范圍從嚴(yán)寒到_____熱不等，不僅在季節(jié)之間，甚至在同一天內(nèi)也是如此。從嚴(yán)寒到_____熱是兩個(gè)極端，由此可知，此處是說(shuō)，和大多數(shù)沙漠一樣，這里也是一片“極端”之地, 故extremes符合語(yǔ)境。
30.B) burning(v. 燃燒 adj.炙熱的)
【語(yǔ)義判斷】根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，沙漠地區(qū)晝夜溫差大，屬于極端地區(qū)，與“嚴(yán)寒”對(duì)應(yīng)的應(yīng)該是“酷熱”，burning hot是固定短語(yǔ), 意為“酷熱”, 符合語(yǔ)境。
31.N) synonymous(adj.同義的; 等同于??的)
【語(yǔ)義判斷】上文提及在那里管理和工作的人都戴著寬邊帽，這屬于特征描述，由此可知，此處要表達(dá)的意思是, 這已經(jīng)成為約塞米蒂這樣的地方的代名詞。be/ become synonymous with是固定短語(yǔ), 意為“與……同義；等同于??”，符合此處語(yǔ)境。
32.L) stimulate(v. 刺激; 激發(fā))
【語(yǔ)義判斷】由下文“尤其是對(duì)于任何熱愛(ài)戶外活動(dòng)的人來(lái)說(shuō)”可知，此處是說(shuō)，該保護(hù)區(qū)擁有豐富的歷史、文化、生物多樣性和無(wú)盡的機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)“激發(fā)”你的興趣，故stimulate符合語(yǔ)境。
33.H) probably(adv.可能, 或許)
【語(yǔ)義判斷】由下文“要想駕馭這些未鋪設(shè)的‘道路’網(wǎng)絡(luò)”可知，此處是說(shuō)，駕馭這些未鋪設(shè)的“道路”網(wǎng)絡(luò)需要耐心，還需要一些備用輪胎。顧名思義，備用輪胎是備用的，可能用得上，可能用不上，因此，空格處應(yīng)填入probably，表示一種不確定的說(shuō)法。
34.M) sturdy(adj.結(jié)實(shí)的; 堅(jiān)固的)
【語(yǔ)義判斷】根據(jù)據(jù)常識(shí)可知，在戶外，尤其是惡劣的自然環(huán)境中行走，需要一雙“結(jié)實(shí)的”好鞋，故sturdy符合語(yǔ)境。
35.O) unique(adj.獨(dú)特的)
【語(yǔ)義判斷】上文提及，在“我”上一次旅行中，“我”驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)這一地區(qū)的很多地方都是由古火山和地質(zhì)力量塑造而成的，其中大部分至今仍保留著。由此可知，該地區(qū)地貌奇特，會(huì)給人留下“獨(dú)特的”感覺(jué)，故unique符合語(yǔ)境。
36.E。由題干關(guān)鍵信息has remained low和for a century定位到E段。該段第一句提到, 非洲農(nóng)民的生產(chǎn)率低體現(xiàn)在了國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)中——盡管吸收了如此多的勞動(dòng)力，農(nóng)業(yè)只創(chuàng)造了15%的國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值。隨后在該段最后一句引用詹妮弗·布蘭克的話，提到“100年來(lái)，非洲許多地區(qū)的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)力沒(méi)有提高”。由此可知, 題干是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。題干中的productivity remained low對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的farming generates just 15% of GDP和productivity hasn't improved;題干中的for a century對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的for 100 years。
37.H。由題干關(guān)鍵信息Building connections between farms and major purchasers和use of advanced farming techniques定位到H段。該段第一句指出，傳播知識(shí)的一種方法是把農(nóng)場(chǎng)和收購(gòu)他們收成的大買家聯(lián)系起來(lái)。隨后舉例說(shuō)英國(guó)飲料巨頭帝亞吉?dú)W在肯尼亞西部建了一個(gè)啤酒廠，并將農(nóng)民組織成小組，改善供應(yīng)鏈，讓他們獲得種子和肥料，然后同意購(gòu)買他們產(chǎn)出的糧食。由此可知，題干是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。題干中的Building connections between farms and major purchasers of their produce對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的to link farms to big buyeIs of their harvests。
38.B。由題干關(guān)鍵信息getting warmer much faster than the average和roughly twice the global warming rate定位到B段。該段第二句指出， 非洲大陸部分地區(qū)的變暖速度已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)超全球平均水平：在過(guò)去的50年里，非洲南部的氣溫上升速度大約是全球的兩倍。由此可知，題干是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。題干中的Parts of Africa對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的Parts of the continent; 題干中的much faster than the average對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的much more quickly than the average; 題干中的roughly twice the global warming rate over the last half century對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的about twice the global rate over the past 50 years。
39.G。由題干關(guān)鍵信息Improved farming practices、Kenyan farmers和 increase farm produce remarkably定位到G段。該段前兩句指出，更好的技術(shù)也有幫助?？夏醽喌目Х确N植小農(nóng)只需遵循一些簡(jiǎn)單的指導(dǎo)原則來(lái)打理他們的樹(shù)叢，比如修剪咖啡樹(shù)枝，只保留三根枝條，他們的收入就能增加40%。隨后進(jìn)一步指出，剛開(kāi)始很多鄰居并沒(méi)有聽(tīng)從這個(gè)建議，但過(guò)了一兩季，在看到那些遵循建議的人收成大增之后，他們也開(kāi)始這樣做。由此可知，題干是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。題干中的Improved farming practices對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的Better techniques; 題干中的increase farm produce remarkably對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的 increase their incomes by 40%和get bigger harvests。
40.C。由題干關(guān)鍵信息especially susceptible、has difficulty feeding和even without climate change定位到C段。該段第一句指出，非洲尤其容易受到影響，部分原因在于它本身已經(jīng)很難養(yǎng)活自己，如果要為其快速增長(zhǎng)的人口提供食物，即使沒(méi)有氣候變化，它也必須大幅提高產(chǎn)量和生產(chǎn)力。由此可知，題干是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。題干中的especially susceptible對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的particularly vulnerable; 題干中的it has difficulty feeding its increasing population對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的it is already struggling to feed itself; 題干中的even without climate change為原詞再現(xiàn)。
41.F。由題干關(guān)鍵信息use of fertiliser and improved seeds和impressively increase crop yields定位到F段。該段最后幾句指出，當(dāng)?shù)亻_(kāi)始重視農(nóng)業(yè)后，焦點(diǎn)主要集中在讓小農(nóng)使用肥料上，更重要的是，用更好的種子。效果十分顯著。例如，高粱的改良品種可以比普通品種的產(chǎn)量高出40%。由此可知，題干是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。題干中的use of fertiliser and improved seeds對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的to use fertiliser and, more important, better seeds; 題干中的impressively increase crop yields對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的produce a crop that is 40% larger than the usual variety。
42.I。由題干關(guān)鍵信息shift from traditional farming和setting up businesses that can bring technology and investment to small farmers定位到I段。該段第一句指出, 一個(gè)更重要的轉(zhuǎn)變是從傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)向創(chuàng)立能為小農(nóng)戶帶來(lái)技術(shù)和投資，并從中獲利的企業(yè)。由此可知，題干是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。題干中的shift from traditional farming to setting up businesses對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的the move from traditional farming to building businesses; 題干中的bring technology and investment to small farmers為原詞重現(xiàn)。
43.A。由題干關(guān)鍵信息Everyone in the world和especially Africans定位到A段。該段第四句和第五句指出，氣候變化是一個(gè)會(huì)影響地球上每一個(gè)人的問(wèn)題。對(duì)非洲人來(lái)說(shuō)，其后果將尤其嚴(yán)重。由此可知，題干是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。題干中的Everyone in the world對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的everyone on the planet; 題干中的especially Africans對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的For Africans its consequences will be particularly bitter。
44.D。由題干關(guān)鍵信息Improvement in farm output per worker和far short of that in Asia定位到D段。該段倒數(shù)第二句指出，盡管非洲的人均(農(nóng)業(yè))產(chǎn)量在過(guò)去30年里提高了一半以上，但仍遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后于亞洲2.5倍的增幅。由此可知, 題干是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。題干中的falls far short of that in Asia對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的far behind the 2.5 times improvement in Asia。
45.J。由題干關(guān)鍵信息small farms、quite limited和especially owing to the warming climate and a growing population定位到J段。該段指出，Illuminum公司的成功表明，技術(shù)可以幫助小農(nóng)場(chǎng)提高生產(chǎn)力。由于非洲如此大規(guī)模的人口以農(nóng)業(yè)為生，因此即使生產(chǎn)力的小幅提升也能提高數(shù)百萬(wàn)人的收入。但從更長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，小規(guī)模農(nóng)業(yè)只能起到一定作用，尤其是在面對(duì)氣候變化和人口壓力的情況下。由此可知，題干是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。題干中的quite limited對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的can go only so far; 題干中的owing to the warming climate anda growing population對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的in the face of climate change and population pressure。
46.【定位】根據(jù)題干信息詞formula of tax cuts remain popular though ineffective可將答案線索定位至第二段。
B)【解析】第二段提及，這個(gè)方案雖然不起作用，但這并沒(méi)有影響它的受歡迎程度。對(duì)減稅的推崇引來(lái)了許多批評(píng)人士，但它缺乏明顯的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。由此可知，原文所說(shuō)的“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手”就是指其他解決方案，即沒(méi)有其他可替代的方案，故答案為B。
47.【定位】根據(jù)題干信息詞a more effective measure for driving economic growth可將答案線索定位至第四段。
C)【解析】第四段第二句提及，關(guān)于經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)動(dòng)力，美國(guó)需要一個(gè)更好的故事。隨后第三句說(shuō)明，近幾十年的慘痛教訓(xùn)指向了一個(gè)大有可為的候選方案：提高工資。因此C項(xiàng)符合題意，compensation for labor“勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬”指的就是原文中所說(shuō)的wages“工資”，increasing對(duì)應(yīng)原文的higher。
48.【定位】根據(jù)題干信息詞logic可將答案線索定位至第八段。
A)【解析】第八段中作者指出，同樣的邏輯仍然成立，即消費(fèi)推動(dòng)美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，工資更高的工人消費(fèi)也會(huì)更高。也就是說(shuō)，工資的增長(zhǎng)會(huì)推動(dòng)國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，因此答案為A。
49.【定位】根據(jù)題干信息詞conventional wisdom可將答案線索定位至倒數(shù)第四段第一句。
B)【解析】倒數(shù)第四段第一句指出， 傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為， 生產(chǎn)率增長(zhǎng)是提高工資的唯一途徑，因此B項(xiàng)符合題意。
50.【定位】根據(jù)題干信息詞real world、the past 50 years or so可將答案線索定位至倒數(shù)第二段。
A)【解析】倒數(shù)第二段開(kāi)頭總結(jié)道，在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中，情況更為復(fù)雜，工資受到雇主和工人之間激烈爭(zhēng)奪的影響，而獲勝的一直是雇主。隨后說(shuō)明一個(gè)具體論據(jù)：大約自1970年以來(lái)，生產(chǎn)率增幅與工資增幅之間的差距不斷擴(kuò)大，生產(chǎn)率增長(zhǎng)了一倍多，而工資增長(zhǎng)卻遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后。由此可知，A項(xiàng)符合題意。
51.【定位】根據(jù)題干信息詞an editorial board of an academic journal可將答案線索定位于第一段。
D)【解析】第一段有兩句話，第一句提到期刊編輯決定發(fā)表的內(nèi)容，這影響一個(gè)領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展；第二句指出人們的期望，即希望期刊盡其所能建立一個(gè)多元化的編委會(huì)，反映各種聲音、經(jīng)歷和身份。原文中的 diverse和選項(xiàng)D的Diversity基本屬于原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，由此可知選項(xiàng)D為正確答案。
52.【定位】根據(jù)題干信息詞the findings of a new study in Nature Neuroscience可將答案線索定位于第二段。
C)【解析】第二段第二句提到，該研究團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，頂尖心理學(xué)和神經(jīng)科學(xué)期刊的大多數(shù)編輯都是男性。很顯然，選項(xiàng)C是對(duì)該句話的同義轉(zhuǎn)述, 其中male-dominated對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的the majority of editors are male, most important對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的top，故選C。
53.【定位】根據(jù)題干信息詞gender differences in editors of psychology journals可將答案線索定位于第三段。
B)【解析】第三段主要闡述了心理學(xué)期刊編輯中的性別差異。該段最后一句提到，女性編輯的比例明顯低于女性心理學(xué)研究人員的總體比例。選項(xiàng)B是對(duì)這句話的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故為正確答案。
54.【定位】根據(jù)題干信息詞the conclusion drawn by the team可將答案線索定位于第五段。
A)【解析】第五段引號(hào)中的內(nèi)容就是研究小組根據(jù)新發(fā)現(xiàn)得出的結(jié)論：在心理學(xué)和神經(jīng)科學(xué)領(lǐng)域最知名的學(xué)術(shù)期刊中，男性的想法、價(jià)值觀和決策偏好在編輯職位上被過(guò)度代表了。從另一方面來(lái)看，在頂尖心理學(xué)和神經(jīng)科學(xué)期刊中，女性編輯占比較小，那么女性的想法、價(jià)值觀和決策偏好沒(méi)有在編輯職位上得到充分代表，選項(xiàng)A符合該句推論，故為正確答案。
55.【定位】根據(jù)題干信息詞blaming the inequality of editorial boards on tradition可將答案線索定位于第七段。
D)【解析】第七段最后一句提到，我們不應(yīng)該簡(jiǎn)單地將編委會(huì)的不平等歸咎于傳統(tǒng)，而應(yīng)該積極打破這些現(xiàn)有的障礙。這些障礙是什么，需要考生往前尋找。該段開(kāi)頭提到女性編輯數(shù)量少不是因?yàn)槿狈ε詫W(xué)者，其實(shí)女性在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域處于不利地位有結(jié)構(gòu)性原因的，隨后舉例說(shuō)明，比如女性的工資較低，面臨更大的育兒需求，從而導(dǎo)致其發(fā)表的論文和獲得的經(jīng)費(fèi)較少，而論文少、經(jīng)費(fèi)低又導(dǎo)致女性學(xué)者達(dá)不到期刊任命編輯職位的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，這些就是女性面臨的障礙。因此作者建議我們實(shí)施整體結(jié)構(gòu)改革，故選項(xiàng)D正確。
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