英語(yǔ)六級(jí)閱讀真題，不僅強(qiáng)化詞匯與句型理解，更提升閱讀速度與綜合分析能力。實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練，讓考生熟悉題型變化，掌握解題技巧，是沖刺六級(jí)高分不可或缺的寶貴資源。今天，小編將分享2023年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)閱讀真題以及答案（卷三）相關(guān)內(nèi)容，希望能為大家提供幫助！
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices, Each choice in the bank is identified bya letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Modem U. S. cities were designed to make exercise unnecessary. Cars and elevators once symbolized urban areas as machines for more efficient living. Now it is clear that these improvements provide great benefits but also _26_ health costs. Recent studies show that urban _27_ encourages more driving and is associated with heavier weight. This _28_ suggests that the layout and design of cities can hinder or promote healthier lifestyle choices and it is _29_ that urban planners bear this in mind.
Unfortunately, urban planning still centers in large part on solving the problems of the past. Of course cities still need to _30_ standard public health practices, such as separating toxic facilities from homes and restricting heavy truck traffic through _31_ residential areas. But it's also important to create healthier cities—and the discussion is already underway. More and more city planners are paying increasing attention to encouraging physical activity by making it easier and safer for people to recreate, walk, bike and take public transportation. Many studies of _32_ show that people live the longest in environments where physical activity is part of everyday life.
Providing more walkable spaces, better protected bike lanes and more _33_ spaces are important steps. But even smaller changes can be effective.
Cities can close off streets on weekends to encourage communities to get out and walk. They also can provide more seating in public places, so that less-fit residents can rest during their journeys. Using public spaces in cities as places where people can exercise promotes _34_ , rather than allowing physical activity to become restricted to private gyms with often-expensive monthly fees that _35_ less wealthy people from joining.
A) correlation
B) dense
C) deter
D) equity
E) foster
F) imperative
G) impose
H) irrespective
I) longevity
J) navigate
K) recreational
L) rotten
M) sprawl
N) vibrate
O) vicinity
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Can Learning a Foreign Language Prevent Dementia?
A) You may have heard that learning another language is one method for preventing or at least postponing the onset of dementia. Dementia refers to the loss of cognitive abilities, and one of its most common forms is Alzheimer's disease (阿爾茨海默氏病). At this time, the causes of the disease are not well understood, and consequently, there are no proven steps that people can take to prevent it. Nonetheless, some researchers have suggested that learning a foreign language might help delay the onset of dementia.
B) To explore this possibility more deeply, let's look at some of the common misconceptions about dementia and the aging brain. First of all, dementia is not an inevitable part of the normal aging process. Most older adults do not develop Alzheimer’s disease or other forms of dementia. It is also important to remember that dementia is not the same thing as normal forgetfulness. At any age, we might experience difficulty finding the exact word we want or have trouble remembering the name of the person we just met. People with dementia have more serious problems, like feeling confused or getting lost in a familiar place. Think of it this way: If you forget where you parked your car at the mall, that's normal; if you forget how to drive a car, that may be a signal that something more serious is going on.
C) The idea that dementia can be prevented is based on the comparison of the brain to a muscle. When people talk about the brain, they sometimes say things like“It is important to exercise your brain” or“To stay mentally fit, you have to give your brain a workout.” Although these are colorful analogies, in reality the brain is not a muscle. Unlike muscles, the brain is always active and works even during periods of rest and sleep. In addition, although some muscle cells have a lifespan of only a few days, brain cells last a lifetime. Not only that, but it has been shown that new brain cells are being created throughout one's lifespan.
D) While it makes for a colorful analogy, comparing the brain to a muscle is inaccurate and misleading. So, if the brain is not a muscle, can it still be exercised? Once again, researchers don't know for sure. There are now many computer, online, and mobile device applications that claim to be able to“train your brain,” and they typically tap into a variety of cognitive abilities. However, research suggests that although this type of training may improve one's abilities at the tasks themselves, they don't seem to improve other abilities. In other words, practicing a letter-detection task will, over time, improve your letter-detection skills, but it will not necessarily enhance your other perceptual abilities.
E) However, there is some reason to believe that learning languages might be different.The best evidence that foreign language learning confers cognitive benefits comes from research with those who are already bilingual(雙語(yǔ)的). Bilingualism most commonly occurs when children are exposed to two languages, either in the home (mom speaks Dutch, dad speaks Spanish) or more formally in early schooling. But bilingualism certainly occurs in adulthood as well.
F) Bilingualism and multilingualism are actually more common than you might think. In fact, it has been estimated that there are fewer monolingual speakers in the world than bilinguals and multilinguals. Although in many countries most inhabitants share just one language, other countries have several official languages. Switzerland, for example, has four official languages: German, French, Italian, and Romansh. Throughout large parts of Africa, Arabic, Swahili, French, and English are often known and used by individuals who speak a different, native language in their home than they do in the marketplace. So bilingualism and multilingualism are to be found throughout the world. And with regard to cognitive abilities, the research on those who speak more than one language paints an encouraging picture.
G) For one thing, bilinguals are better at multitasking. One explanation of this superiority is that speakers of two languages are continually inhibiting one of their languages, and this process of inhibition confers general cognitive benefits to other activities. In fact, bilingual individuals outperform their monolingual counterparts on a variety of cognitive tasks, such as following complex instructions, and switching to new instructions. For the sake of completeness, it should be noted that the advantages of being bilingual are not universal across all cognitive domains. Bilingual individuals have been shown to have smaller vocabularies and to take longer in retrieving words from memory when compared to monolinguals. In the long run, however, the cognitive and linguistic advantages of being bilingual far outweigh these two drawbacks.
H) If the benefits of being bilingual spill over to other aspects of cognition, then we would expect to see a lower incidence of Alzheimer's disease in bilinguals than in monolinguals, or at least a later onset of Alzheimer's for bilinguals. In fact, there is evidence to support this claim. The psychologist Ellen Bialystok and her colleagues obtained the histories of 184 individuals who had made use of a memory clinic in Toronto. For those who showed signs of dementia, the monolinguals in the sample had an average age of 71.4 years at time of onset. The bilinguals, in contrast, received their diagnosis at 75.5 years, on average. In a study of this sort, a difference of four years is highly significant, and could not be explained by other systematic differences between the two groups. For example, the monolinguals reported, on average, a year and a half more schooling than their bilingual counterparts, so the effect was clearly not due to formal education.
I) A separate study, conducted in India, found strikingly similar results: bilingual patients developed symptoms of dementia 4.5 years later than monolinguals, even after other potential factors, such as gender and occupation, were controlled for. In addition, researchers have reported other positive effects of bilingualism for cognitive abilities in later life, even when the person acquired the language in adulthood. Crucially, Bialystok suggested that the positive benefits of being bilingual were only found in those who used both languages all the time.
J) But encouraging as these kinds of studies are, they still have not established exactly how or why differences between bilinguals and monolinguals exist. Because these studies looked back at the histories of people who were already bilingual, the results can only say that a difference between the two groups was found, but not why that difference occurred. Further research is needed to determine what caused the differences in age of onset between the two groups.
K) Other studies of successful aging suggest that being connected to one's community and having plenty of social interaction is also important in delaying or even preventing the onset of dementia. Once again, however, the results are far less clear than the popular media might lead you to believe. Older individuals who lead active social lives are, almost by definition, healthier than their counterparts who rarely leave their homes or interact with others. So we can't really say whether being socially active prevents the onset of dementia, or if people who don't have dementia are more likely to be socially active.
L) But even if studying a foreign language is not a magic al cure-all, there is one thing it will do: It will make you a better speaker of a foreign language. Doing that confers a whole host of advantages we do know about.
36. Research indicates that brain training is likely to boost one's ability at specific tasks, but not one's other cognitive abilities.
37. According to estimates, the number of people who speak two languages or more is greater than those who speak one language only.
38. For the time being, we do not know what causes people to lose their cognitive abilities,or what we can do to prevent it.
39. It is hard to determine whether people who are free from dementia tend to have more social activities, or more social activities keep people away from dementia.
40. There is evidence that learning foreign languages might be beneficial to boosting one's cognitive abilities.
41. It was suggested that only those who always spoke two languages could benefit from bilingualism.
42. The brain is different from muscles in that it keeps working even when the body is at rest.
43. People who speak two languages do better at a number of cognitive tasks than those who speak only one language.
44. Dementia is different from being merely forgetful and entails more serious trouble.
45. It is claimed that more monolinguals suffer from Alzheimer's disease than bilinguals.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Research is meant to benefit society by raising public awareness and creating products and innovations that enhance development. For research to serve its full purpose, the results must leave the confines of research laboratories and academic journals.
Findings effectively communicated can go a long way to serve the interests of the public. They can help address social injustices or improve treatments offered to patients.
Many researchers seem to be content with sharing the results of their studies in academic journals or at conferences. But few journals allow everybody to read the findings. Even articles freely available are usually written in academic language incomprehensible to the average reader.
For researchers in the tenure-track system, their main goal is winning tenure, which in part can be achieved by getting a number of papers published in prominent journals. Pressures like this mean community-level outreach is not prioritised.
Many researchers lack the writing skills to describe their results to a general audience. They may also worry about whether the public will understand their findings, or about findings being used to influence controversial policies. These concerns cause some researchers to shy away from communicating their findings outside the academic community.
Propagating research findings beyond academic publications is particularly crucial for addressing certain social discrepancies. It can help families, communities, healthcare providers, policymakers, government agencies and other stakeholders to understand and respond to crises that plague society.
The benefits of sharing findings flow both ways. Engaging with other researchers and the public can lead to unexpected new connections and new ideas that could suggest fruitful new directions for research.
To benefit both researchers and the communities, the need to find innovative, accessible ways to share the work cannot be overstated.
Institutions and funding organisations should support more researchers to publish in open access journals so that the public doesn't have to pay to read them. Institutions and researchers should invest in partnerships that expand capacity for sharing results more broadly.
Furthermore, ethics committees should make it mandatory for researchers to share their results with the public. Every research participant should opt in or out of receiving results, as part of the process of giving informed consent.
There could be misunderstanding of the findings presented by the researcher because of technical terms. But this can be resolved by researchers engaging the services of professional writers or communication officers to help with translating their study into more accessible language and share it widely with media outlets and the public.
Sharing results with the people who are most affected by them makes us better researchers and ensures that our work can be used to improve people's lives. Institutions and collaborators must recognise the value of doing so.
46. How can research serve its full purpose according to the author?
A) With researchers being aware of public interests.
B) With its findings published in prominent journals.
C) With researchers creating products that enhance social development.
D) With its findings properly communicated beyond the academic circle.
47. Why do ordinary readers find it difficult to access the results of researchers' studies?
A) They cannot understand the academic language used for reporting these results.
B) They feel intimidated by the jargon researchers use to describe their findings.
C) They do not attend conferences where these results are freely available.
D) They have few chances to locate the journals that publish these findings.
48. What is one of the reasons some researchers won't prioritise communicating their findings to the public?
A) They can thrive on the papers published.
B) Their top consideration is to win tenure.
C) Their main goal is gaining recognition in their field.
D) They have to struggle to reach out to the community.
49. How can sharing findings benefit researchers themselves?
A) By helping them to identify new research directions.
B) By enabling them to understand crises plaguing society.
C) By enabling them to effectively address social discrepancies.
D) By helping them to forge ties with government agencies.
50. Why are researchers advised to engage the services of professional writers or communication officers?
A) To satisfy ethics committees' mandatory requirements of researchers.
B) To translate their study into languages accessible to readers overseas.
C) To make their publications correctly understood by the public.
D) To render their findings acceptable by prominent journals.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Spiders make their presence felt in late August and through early autumn. This is the mating season of some of the most common varieties, when male house spiders come out of hidden comers to look for females, and garden spiders reach adult size and spin their most dazzling webs.
Yet while the spider is a familiar fixture of nursery poems or songs and Halloween decorations, its relationship with humans is complicated. Fear of spiders is common and has serious impacts on the lives of sufferers. Its prevalence appears unrelated to any rational assessment of risk. Spiders in the UK are almost all harmless. Farmland species perform valuable ecosystem services, by preying on insects that are our competitors for crops. But they are a constant source of human anxieties— with a cultural association with witches and wickedness dating back to the middle ages.
Does this perhaps explain, in part, the lack of data about how spiders are faring in our age of ecological crisis? British butterflies are the most studied group of insects in the world, due to the long tradition of collecting and observing them. But spider conservationists point out that it was only in the 1980s that the classification of house spiders was properly sorted out. And while information about insect populations is gathered by experiments that measure the numbers hitting windscreens or traps, there have been few attempts to count spiders.
The huge reductions in the numbers of flying insects can only mean a reduction in spiders’ food supply. A recent landmark study identified a 75% fall in insect populations between 1989 and 2016, with pesticide use thought to be to blame along with the destruction of wild areas for development. This means the overall picture for spiders is worrying, as it is for most creatures. But conservationists are most concerned about those varieties that are threatened due to habitat loss and fragmentation, which makes it impossible for them to migrate.
Of around 650 spider species regularly recorded in the UK, the majority thrive in marshes and wasteland. Conservation efforts, often led by determined individuals, have helped some species to recover by reintroducing them to new areas. With rewilding now firmly on the environmental policy agenda, the hope is that in future, spiders will be enabled to migrate by themselves, adapting to climate change by moving along wildlife corridors.
It seems unlikely that spiders will ever attract the same level of human enthusiasm as bees, birds or butterflies, in spite of their unique status as nature's spinners. But as they reveal themselves in all their splendour this autumn, it would be a good thing if more animal lovers recognised the ways in which spiders are simply terrific.
51. What do we learn about spiders in the UK since the middle ages?
A) They have been generally misconceived.
B) They have adversely impacted crop growth.
C) They have been a constant reminder of bad luck.
D) They have made their presence felt when spinning webs.
52. What have spiders been associated with in the UK for centuries?
A) Harm.
B) Evil.
C) Suffering.
D) Aggression.
53. What partly accounts for the reduction in spiders' food supply?
A) The long tradition of collecting insects.
B) Fast reproduction of their competitors.
C) Chemicals used for killing insects.
D) The extinctionof a lot of wildlife.
54. What does the passage say is conservationists' biggest worry?
A) A variety of spiders are threatened due to pollution of marshes and wasteland.
B) Certain species of spiders are endangered due to loss of their natural homes.
C) An increasing number of spiders are being killed by deadly pesticides.
D) More and more spider species are found losing their ability to migrate.
55. What wish does the author express close to the end of the passage?
A) More people would recognise spiders' unique status in the ecosystem.
B) People would show greater enthusiasm for spiders than for butterflies.
C) There would be sufficient corridors for spiders to move along.
D) There would be more people appreciating spiders' splendour.
26.G)impose(vt.使遭受, 使承受; 把……強(qiáng)加于)
【語(yǔ)義判斷】but also前面的內(nèi)容是這些改進(jìn)提供了巨大的好處，由此可推斷，but also后面的內(nèi)容是說(shuō)，但這也帶來(lái)了健康成本。impose可意為“使承受”, impose health cost即“使人們承受了健康成本”, 符合語(yǔ)境。
27.M)sprawl(n.肆意擴(kuò)張; 蔓延 v.蔓延)
【語(yǔ)義判斷】上文提到(城市的)改進(jìn)提供了巨大的好處，但也增加了健康成本，本句承接上文內(nèi)容，用研究結(jié)果說(shuō)明城市改進(jìn)給人們帶來(lái)的不利之處，由此可推斷，本句是說(shuō)，城市“擴(kuò)張”推動(dòng)了駕駛?cè)藬?shù)的增多，并與體重增加有關(guān)，故sprawl符合語(yǔ)境。
28.A)correlation(n.相互關(guān)系; 關(guān)聯(lián))
【語(yǔ)義判斷】上文講述了城市擴(kuò)張推動(dòng)了駕駛?cè)藬?shù)的增多，并與體重增加有關(guān)，可知這是一種關(guān)聯(lián)性，This指代上文的內(nèi)容，可知This后面應(yīng)填入表示“關(guān)聯(lián)性”的名詞，故correlation符合語(yǔ)境。
29.F)imperative(adj.至關(guān)重要的, 必要的)
【語(yǔ)義判斷】and前面的并列分句指出，城市的布局和設(shè)計(jì)能夠阻礙或促進(jìn)更健康的生活方式選擇，由此可推斷, and后面的并列分句是指, 城市規(guī)劃者“必須”牢記這一點(diǎn)。It is imperative that...是固定句式, 意為“……必須……”, 故imperative符合語(yǔ)境。
30.E)foster(vt.促進(jìn); 培養(yǎng); 收養(yǎng))
【語(yǔ)義判斷】上文提到，遺憾的是，城市規(guī)劃在很大程度上仍然以解決過(guò)去的問(wèn)題為中心，由本句句首的 Of course和still可知，本句仍承上啟下，指出問(wèn)題仍未解決，城市規(guī)劃仍然需要做出努力。將備選動(dòng)詞代入原文可知, foster符合語(yǔ)境, foster standard public health practices意為“促進(jìn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的公共衛(wèi)生實(shí)踐”。
31.B)dense(adj.密集的; 稠密的)
【語(yǔ)義判斷】上文提及城市應(yīng)促進(jìn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的公共衛(wèi)生實(shí)踐，此處舉例說(shuō)明，如將有毒設(shè)施與住宅分開(kāi)，限制重型卡車(chē)通過(guò)居民區(qū)，剩余選項(xiàng)中只有dense“密集的”符合語(yǔ)境。
32.I)longevity(n.長(zhǎng)壽)
【語(yǔ)義判斷】由show后面that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句“在體育活動(dòng)成為日常生活一部分的環(huán)境中，人們的壽命最長(zhǎng)”可知，填入的名詞應(yīng)與壽命長(zhǎng)短有關(guān)，由此可知，longevity(長(zhǎng)壽)符合語(yǔ)境。
33.K)recreational(adj.娛樂(lè)的)
【語(yǔ)義判斷】前半句指出，提供更多可步行的空間、受到更好保護(hù)的自行車(chē)道，and連接的并列成分應(yīng)與其語(yǔ)義一致，將備選形容詞代入可知recreational符合語(yǔ)境，即“更多的娛樂(lè)空間”。
34.D)equity(n.公平, 公正)
【語(yǔ)義判斷】前半句提及將城市的公共空間用作人們可以鍛煉的地方，空格后的內(nèi)容指出，而不是讓體育活動(dòng)僅限于私人健身房，因?yàn)樗饺私∩矸康脑沦M(fèi)往往很高。分析前后轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系可知，此處是說(shuō)，將城市的公共空間用作人們可以鍛煉的地方可以促進(jìn)“公平”，equity符合語(yǔ)境。
35.C)deter(vt.阻止)
【語(yǔ)義判斷】前文提及，而不是讓體育活動(dòng)僅限于私人健身房，因?yàn)樗饺私∩矸康脑沦M(fèi)往往很高，由此推斷，此處是說(shuō)高額的費(fèi)用“阻止”不太富裕的人加入。備選動(dòng)詞中deter可以構(gòu)成deter sb. from doing sth.(阻止某人做某事) 的結(jié)構(gòu)，符合語(yǔ)境，故應(yīng)填入deter。
36.D。由題干關(guān)鍵信息brain training、tasks和abilities定位到D段。該段第五句提到, 研究表明, 盡管這種訓(xùn)練可能會(huì)提高一個(gè)人完成任務(wù)所需的能力，但似乎不會(huì)提高其他能力，而結(jié)合前文，這種訓(xùn)練指的是對(duì)大腦的訓(xùn)練，題干顯然是對(duì)該句的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。
37.F。由題干關(guān)鍵信息estimates、people who speak two languages or more和those who speak one language only定位到F段第二句。該句提到，據(jù)估計(jì)，世界上只講一種語(yǔ)言的人比講兩種語(yǔ)言和多種語(yǔ)言的人更少, 可見(jiàn), 題干是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。題干中的people who speak two languages or more對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的bilinguals和multilinguals; 題干中的those who speak one language only對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的monolingual speakers;題干中的the number... is greater than從反面轉(zhuǎn)述原文中的there are fewer... than。
38.A。由題干關(guān)鍵信息causes和lose their cognitive abilities定位到A段。該段第二句就指出, 癡呆癥是指認(rèn)知能力的喪失，最常見(jiàn)的一種是阿爾茨海默氏病。隨后的第三句則說(shuō)，人們目前還不太清楚這種疾病的病因，因此還沒(méi)有已經(jīng)證實(shí)有效的措施來(lái)預(yù)防這種病癥。題干是對(duì)原文的概括性轉(zhuǎn)述。
39.K。由題干關(guān)鍵信息social activities和dementia定位到K段最后一句。定位句指出, 我們真的不能斷言到底是社交活動(dòng)能預(yù)防癡呆癥的發(fā)作，還是沒(méi)有癡呆癥的人更有可能在社交方面活躍。題干是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。題干中的It is hard to determine對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的 we can't really say; 題干中的people who are free from dementia對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的people who don't have dementia; 題干中的keep people away from dementia是對(duì)原文中的prevents the onset of dementia的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。
40.E。由題干關(guān)鍵信息evidence和learning foreign languages定位到E段第二句。該句指出, 外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)在認(rèn)知方面帶來(lái)益處的最好證據(jù)源于針對(duì)那些已經(jīng)會(huì)講兩種語(yǔ)言的人的研究。換言之，有證據(jù)表明，學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)對(duì)于提高認(rèn)知能力是有幫助的。題干是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。題干中的beneficial to boosting one's cognitive abilities對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的confers cognitive benefits。
41.I。由題干關(guān)鍵信息suggested和always spoke two languages定位到I段最后一句。定位句指出, 比亞利斯托克提出，會(huì)講兩種語(yǔ)言的積極作用只存在于那些一直都使用兩種語(yǔ)言的人身上?？梢?jiàn)，題干是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。題干中的benefit from bilingualism對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的positive benefits of being bilingual。
42.C。由題干關(guān)鍵信息different from muscles和rest定位到C段第四句。根據(jù)定位句, 與肌肉不同的是， 大腦總是活躍的，即使在休息和睡眠期間也在工作?？梢?jiàn)，題干是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。題干中的keeps working對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的is always active and works; 題干中的at rest是對(duì)原文中的during periods of rest and sleep的轉(zhuǎn)述。
43.G。由題干關(guān)鍵信息cognitive tasks定位到G段第三句。定位句明確說(shuō)，講兩種語(yǔ)言的人在各種認(rèn)知任務(wù)上都優(yōu)于講一種語(yǔ)言的人，并列舉了具體的任務(wù)，如遵循復(fù)雜的指令和切換到新的指令?？梢?jiàn)，題干是對(duì)原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。題干中的People who speak two languages和those who speak only one language分別對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的bilingual individuals和monolingual counterparts; 題干中的do better是對(duì)原文中的outperform的轉(zhuǎn)述。
44.B。由題干關(guān)鍵信息Dementia、merely forgetful和more serious定位到B段第四句和第六句。定位段第四句說(shuō)，癡呆癥與正常的健忘不同，接下來(lái)對(duì)正常的健忘進(jìn)行了舉例，之后的第六句說(shuō)，癡呆癥患者的問(wèn)題則要更加嚴(yán)重，可見(jiàn)，題干是對(duì)本段這兩處信息的概括性轉(zhuǎn)述。題干中的differentfrom對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的is not the same thing as; 題干中的merely forgetful對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的normal forgetfulness; 題干中的entails more serious trouble對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的have more serious problems。
45.H。由題干關(guān)鍵信息monolinguals、Alzheimer's disease和bilinguals定位到H段前兩句。該段首句說(shuō)，如果會(huì)講兩種語(yǔ)言的好處擴(kuò)展到認(rèn)知的其他方面，那么我們有望看到講兩種語(yǔ)言的人患阿爾茨海默病的幾率低于講一種語(yǔ)言的人，或者至少講兩種語(yǔ)言的人的發(fā)病時(shí)間會(huì)更晚。隨后的第二句說(shuō)，是有證據(jù)支持這一說(shuō)法的。可見(jiàn), 題干是對(duì)這兩句內(nèi)容的概括性轉(zhuǎn)述。題干中的more monolinguals suffer from Alzheimer's disease than bilinguals從反面轉(zhuǎn)述原文中的lower incidence of Alzheimer's disease in bilinguals than in monolinguals。
46.【定位】根據(jù)題干信息詞serve its full purpose可將答案線(xiàn)索定位至第一段第二句。
D)【解析】第一段第二句直接給出答案：要使研究充分發(fā)揮作用，研究成果必須走出研究實(shí)驗(yàn)室和學(xué)術(shù)期刊的范圍，即研究成果在學(xué)術(shù)界以外也得到傳播，故D項(xiàng)符合題意。
47.【定位】根據(jù)題干信息詞ordinary readers和access the results of researchers’studies可將答案線(xiàn)索定位至第三段。
A)【解析】第三段第一句提及，許多研究人員似乎滿(mǎn)足于在學(xué)術(shù)期刊或會(huì)議上分享他們的研究成果。隨后表明這對(duì)普通讀者的困擾：沒(méi)幾家期刊允許所有人閱讀研究成果，即使是免費(fèi)提供的文章，通常也是用普通讀者無(wú)法理解的學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)言撰寫(xiě)的。因此A項(xiàng)符合題意, cannot understand是原文中incomprehensible的同義轉(zhuǎn)述, academic language是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。
48.【定位】根據(jù)題干信息詞prioritise可將答案線(xiàn)索定位至第四段最后一句。
B)【解析】第四段最后一句提及，這樣的壓力意味著不會(huì)優(yōu)先考慮向社會(huì)上的人提供外展服務(wù)，就是前文作者所說(shuō)的與公眾分享研究成果，壓力即該段第一句所說(shuō)的通過(guò)在著名期刊上發(fā)表多篇論文獲得終身教職，因此B項(xiàng)符合題意, 題干中的communicating their findings to the public是原文中community-level outreach的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。
49.【定位】根據(jù)題干信息詞sharing findings和benefit可將答案線(xiàn)索定位至第七段。
A)【解析】第七段第一句指出，分享研究成果的好處是雙向的。隨后解釋道，與其他研究人員和公眾接觸可以產(chǎn)生意想不到的新聯(lián)系和新想法，從而為研究提供成果豐碩的新方向，因此A項(xiàng)符合題意。
50.【定位】根據(jù)題干信息詞professional writers or communication officers可將答案線(xiàn)索定位至倒數(shù)第二段。
C)【解析】倒數(shù)第二段第一句提到，由于使用專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)，公眾可能會(huì)對(duì)研究人員提出的研究結(jié)果產(chǎn)生誤解。隨后補(bǔ)充道，但這可以通過(guò)研究人員聘請(qǐng)專(zhuān)業(yè)撰稿人或宣傳人員來(lái)解決，他們可以幫助將研究成果翻譯成更通俗易懂的語(yǔ)言，與媒體和公眾廣泛分享。由此可知，C項(xiàng)符合題意，原文中的 accessible意為“容易理解的，易懂的”。
51.【定位】根據(jù)題干信息詞spiders in the UK和the middle ages可將答案線(xiàn)索定位于第二段。
A)【解析】第二段提到，害怕蜘蛛是一種常見(jiàn)的現(xiàn)象，但其實(shí)英國(guó)的蜘蛛幾乎都是無(wú)害的。農(nóng)田蜘蛛通過(guò)捕食與我們爭(zhēng)奪作物的昆蟲(chóng)，提供了有價(jià)值的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)。但它們是人類(lèi)焦慮的持續(xù)來(lái)源——與“女巫”和“邪惡”的文化聯(lián)系可以追溯到中世紀(jì)。也就是說(shuō)，自中世紀(jì)以來(lái)，由于人們把蜘蛛與女巫和邪惡聯(lián)系在一起，所以人們普遍害怕蜘蛛，但事實(shí)上，英國(guó)的蜘蛛幾乎是無(wú)害的，還給人類(lèi)提供了有價(jià)值的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)。由此可知，人們對(duì)蜘蛛普遍存在誤解，故選項(xiàng)A正確。
52.【定位】根據(jù)題干信息詞spiders been associated with可將答案線(xiàn)索定位于第二段。
B)【解析】第二段最后一句話(huà)提到，但它們是人類(lèi)焦慮的持續(xù)來(lái)源——與“女巫”和“邪惡”的文化聯(lián)系可以追溯到中世紀(jì)。由此可知，自中世紀(jì)以來(lái)，蜘蛛在英國(guó)一直被認(rèn)為與邪惡有關(guān)，故選B。
53.【定位】根據(jù)題干信息詞the reduction in spiders’food supply可將答案線(xiàn)索定位于第四段。
C)【解析】第四段第一句就提到，飛蟲(chóng)數(shù)量的大幅減少只能意味著蜘蛛的食物供應(yīng)減少。接著第二句闡釋了原因，即使用殺蟲(chóng)劑以及因?yàn)榘l(fā)展而破壞野生區(qū)域被認(rèn)為是罪魁禍?zhǔn)?，所以蜘蛛的食物供?yīng)減少的原因有兩點(diǎn)，一是殺蟲(chóng)劑的使用，二是野生區(qū)域的破壞。選項(xiàng)C是對(duì)第一點(diǎn)原因的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故為正確答案。
54.【定位】根據(jù)題干信息詞conservationists’biggest worry可將答案線(xiàn)索定位于第四段。
B)【解析】第四段最后一句提到，但自然環(huán)境保護(hù)主義者最關(guān)心的是那些因棲息地喪失和碎片化而受到威脅的品種，這些因素使它們無(wú)法遷徙。由此可知，自然環(huán)境保護(hù)主義者最擔(dān)心的是，某些品種的蜘蛛因?yàn)閱适⒌囟鴽](méi)有地方遷徙，故選項(xiàng)B正確。
55.【定位】根據(jù)題干信息詞the end of the passage可將答案線(xiàn)索定位于最后一段。
D)【解析】最后一段提到，蜘蛛也許不太可能像蜜蜂、鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)或蝴蝶那樣吸引人類(lèi)的熱情，隨后通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)折詞But表達(dá)了自己的愿景，即“當(dāng)它們?cè)诮衲昵锾煺宫F(xiàn)出光彩時(shí)，如果有更多的動(dòng)物愛(ài)好者認(rèn)識(shí)到蜘蛛在某些方面其實(shí)很神奇，那將是一件好事”。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。
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