1.關(guān)系詞的省略
(1)whom,which,that 在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。
The boy (whom)you saw in the street was my classmate.
你在街上看見(jiàn)的男孩是我的同學(xué)。
The bottle (that/which)you put on the table was broken.你放在桌上的瓶子破了。
(2)先行詞way后的定語(yǔ)從句中常省略關(guān)系詞。
I don’t like the way (in which/that)you do things.我不喜歡你做事的方式。
2.賓語(yǔ)從句后的連詞that 常省略
I think (that)it will be fine this afternoon.我想今天下午一切都會(huì)好的。
3.虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的省略
(1)條件句中可省略if,把助動(dòng)詞 had,should,were 提到句首。
Were I you,I would do it at once.假若我是你,我就會(huì)馬上做。
Had he seen you yesterday,he would have asked you about it.
他昨天要是看到了你,他就會(huì)問(wèn)你這事了。
Should he fail,he would kill himself.萬(wàn)一失敗,他就會(huì)自殺。
Were you to drop the glass,it would break.萬(wàn)一杯子掉下來(lái)會(huì)打碎的。
(2)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句中可省略should。
【比較】 我們建議他去看醫(yī)生。
①I(mǎi)t is suggested that he (should)go to see a doctor.(主語(yǔ)從句)
②Our suggestion is that he (should)go to see a doctor.(表語(yǔ)從句)
③We raised the suggestion that he (should)go to see a doctor.(同位語(yǔ)從句)
④ We suggested that he (should)go to see a doctor.(賓語(yǔ)從句)
4.介詞的省略
(1)“for+若干時(shí)間或距離”短語(yǔ)中可省略for。
The rain lasted (for)a whole afternoon.雨下了整整一下午。
The desert stretches (for)thousands of miles.這片沙漠綿延數(shù)千英里。
【提示】 在否定句中或在句首時(shí),for不可省略。
We haven’t seen each other for a long time.我們很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒(méi)見(jiàn)面了。
For a whole month,there is no rain.一個(gè)月沒(méi)有下雨。
(2)of的省略
All (of)the students have passed the exam.所有的學(xué)生都考及格了。
Both (of)my parents are interested in history.我的父母都對(duì)歷史感興趣。
Half (of)the milk had been drunk.有一半牛奶已被喝了。
【提示】 若用于人稱(chēng)代詞前,則其中的of不可省略。
All (Both,Half)of us wanted to leave.我們大家(倆,有一半人)都想走。
(3)from的省略
The heavy rain prevented him (from)coming.大雨使他不能來(lái)。
If I can stop them (from)going there,I’ll do it.
要是我能夠阻止他們?nèi)ツ抢?,我?huì)那樣做的。
If you do it tonight,it will save you (from)having to get up early.
假如今晚做這事,明天早上你就不必早起了。
【提示】 在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中from不能省略;keep ...from doing sth.中from不可省略。
(4)in的省略
Do it (in)this way.這樣做。
Let me put it (in)another way.讓我用另一種方式解釋。
He often spends two hours (in)listening to English.他常?;▋蓚€(gè)小時(shí)聽(tīng)英語(yǔ)。
You should be careful(in)crossing deep forests.從森林穿行時(shí)你應(yīng)特別小心。
We are busy (in)making arrangement for Christmas.我們正忙著準(zhǔn)備過(guò)圣誕節(jié)。
Mr Brown has some difficulty/trouble (in)adjusting to the new climate.
布朗先生不大容易適應(yīng)新的氣候。
We all had a good time(in)playing tennis yesterday.昨天,我們打網(wǎng)球都打得很開(kāi)心。
I have a hard time (in)paying attention in school.在課堂上,我很難集中注意力。
We must lose no time(in)working out the plan.我們必須抓緊時(shí)間制訂方案。
It’s no use asking her,she doesn’t know anything.問(wèn)她毫無(wú)用處,她什么都不知道。
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