托?？谡Z(yǔ)描述怎么提分

　　托?？谡Z(yǔ)考試中，對(duì)于話題的描述也是非常關(guān)鍵的，如何能夠讓我們的描述更加生動(dòng)，打動(dòng)考官呢?其實(shí)這也是有一定的技巧的，如果同學(xué)們能夠合理的運(yùn)用好這些技巧，那么口語(yǔ)提分也并非難事。

　　一、語(yǔ)料與素材的積累

　　一般學(xué)生講口語(yǔ)的大腦活動(dòng)是先用中文思考，其次是根據(jù)中文所想的意思翻譯成英文單詞，再把這些單詞根據(jù)主謂賓等語(yǔ)法知識(shí)組裝成句，最后考慮單詞的發(fā)音、語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào)等連詞成句。而口語(yǔ)比較好的同學(xué)往往直接想到的是英文表達(dá)，然后是chunks，就是我們常說(shuō)的語(yǔ)塊，因?yàn)橐呀?jīng)是積累好的句子，不需要再考慮語(yǔ)法等因素，所以可以直接脫口而出。這就像電腦開(kāi)機(jī)一樣，程序越少，速度越快。在考試之前多積累地道的語(yǔ)料而不是一味的選擇網(wǎng)上的模版，才能更加從容的面對(duì)考試來(lái)取得高分。

　　以2017.10.14托?？谡Z(yǔ)Task 2為例：Should government limit violence and bad language on television. Do you agree or disagree?

　　很多學(xué)生可以會(huì)選擇disagree,原因可以是許多電影需要借助戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)來(lái)宣揚(yáng)愛(ài)國(guó)主義，而戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中又必定會(huì)涉及血腥與暴力，那么這一點(diǎn)理由為：Some movies need to express patriotism and educate citizens by wars, which contain violence and bloodiness, like Wolf Warrior 2 tells a story of a former Chinese Special Forces Operative rescuing compatriots and local friends in a war-torn region of Africa occupied by insurgents and mercenaries.這段關(guān)于《戰(zhàn)狼2》的表述來(lái)自英美人士必讀的精神早餐《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》，該段積累下來(lái)還適用于 “Describe the most interesting/impressive movie”等題，也可以根據(jù)這個(gè)語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)框架進(jìn)行改寫，變成自己想說(shuō)的其他電影，表述會(huì)更加流暢地道。

　　再比如TPO21 Task 1: Talk about an important news event that happened recently in your country. Describe the event and explain why it was important.很多學(xué)生看見(jiàn) “news event”就大腦一片空白，不知從何說(shuō)起，或者腦海里只有中文意思，對(duì)于新聞?lì)惖脑掝}難以在短時(shí)間內(nèi)直接用英文表述出來(lái)。以中國(guó)首架自制民用飛機(jī)C919舉例: China’s first home-made large passenger jet was scheduled to take off in Shanghai, the narrow-body passenger plane made by state-run Comac as a triumph of indigenous innovation. 也可以說(shuō)“一帶一路”政策，One Belt and One Road initiative.

　　二、擴(kuò)充細(xì)節(jié)的方法之“from…to…” 列舉法

　　這種方法通常當(dāng)作第二個(gè)supporting details，相當(dāng)于 “for example”，可以并列兩個(gè)同類或異類的事物，描述其種類繁多。以 “Do you prefer to eat at home or eat out”為例：As for me, I prefer to eat out in various of restaurants, cuz it has wide section of food, from authentic Chinese cuisine to western-style food, from savory dishes to bland snacks, hence loads of mouth-watering food can meet my appetite and leave lasting impression on me. 這里 “authentic Chinese cuisine”指的是地道的中國(guó)菜，一般學(xué)生只會(huì)想到traditional Chinese food, 而好吃第一個(gè)想到的詞就是 “delicious”, 需要注意替換詞的積累。而對(duì)于某事使我留下深刻印象會(huì)表述為 “sth. leaves deep impression on me” 而對(duì)于native speaker來(lái)講，”lasting”才是更加地道的表達(dá)方法。

　　再以2017.08.27 Task 1一個(gè)經(jīng)典三選一題型為例。

　　Your university has acquired a piece of land next to the campus. There have been three options for the use of the land.

　　A. The athletic facilities stadiums

　　B. A park with nature trails

　　C. Centers for students and hotel for campus guests

　　此題只需作出選擇，并給出合理解釋即可。如選擇 “The athletic facilities stadiums”可以從學(xué)生通過(guò)做各種運(yùn)動(dòng)來(lái)強(qiáng)身健體，排解壓力或者參加團(tuán)隊(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)鍛煉團(tuán)隊(duì)合作精神等。”I tend to choose the athletic facilities stadiums, cuz students can work out there, from doing push-ups to sit-ups, from plank to Russian twist, which can befit them to strengthen their muscles and build up cardiovascular system, or get rid of stress after high-intensive study. 這里用 “from…to…” 來(lái)并列幾個(gè)健身運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，這種表述也適用于gym, court, square等描述地點(diǎn)的題型，要學(xué)會(huì)同類話題合并及舉一反三。

　　同理，再看TPO27 Task 1: Talk about a popular actor, musician or artist whose work you do not admire.

　　這道題屬于人物類話題中的名人類，可以從人物的外貌、性格、作品等角度入手。”Well, personally I’m not fascinated by a Korean music band, from their weird dressing style to flamboyant makeup, from aggressive personality to terrible works, from impolite behaviors to constant scandals, hence I have no motivation and passion to appreciate their albums. 這里用 “from…to…” 連接幾個(gè)形容詞+名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表達(dá)不喜歡的原因，比較工整并且容易在原有的結(jié)構(gòu)上刪減修改形成自己的答案，再應(yīng)用于別的話題中。

　　“from…to…” 列舉法是一種學(xué)生比較容易理解并應(yīng)用的擴(kuò)充細(xì)節(jié)的方法，能夠通過(guò)快速并列幾種事物來(lái)展開(kāi)闡述自己的原因，把腦海里破碎的單詞在短時(shí)間內(nèi)形成chunks，在有效的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成答題。并且適用范圍廣，在人物、地點(diǎn)、物品、事件題型中均可使用，而當(dāng)作第二個(gè)supporting detail即時(shí)學(xué)生在時(shí)間不夠的情況下結(jié)束答題也不會(huì)有違和感。