A、語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)由名詞構(gòu)成名詞詞組的幾種方法
1、n. + adj.短語(yǔ),如the jobs available to women
2、n. +介詞短語(yǔ),如a child with reading problem
3、adv. + v.-ed + n.,如seemingly limited number
4、n. + v.-ed短語(yǔ)或者-ing短語(yǔ)
5、n. of sth
B、例題
例題1(1999年1月考題)
____in the desert is mainly due to the limited supply of desert water.
(A) Plants are widely spaced
(B) The spacing of plants is wide
(C) Plants to be spaced widely
(D) The wide spacing of plants
首先分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)。該句的主干是:is due to the limited supply.這里,句子缺主語(yǔ)。所以,空格中應(yīng)該填入名詞或者名詞詞組。選項(xiàng)A和B都是完整的主謂結(jié)構(gòu),而非名詞或名詞詞組。根據(jù)due to的用法,我們又能排除C,所以正確答案是D。
例題2(1999年1月考題)
Most leaves are coated with a waterproof _____, or cuticle.
(A) that the covering
(B) and is covering
(C) covering
(D) by covering
這已經(jīng)是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的句子結(jié)構(gòu),即主謂完整。如果你認(rèn)識(shí)waterproof這個(gè)詞,你就知道空格里應(yīng)該填入名詞。因?yàn)閣aterproof是形容詞,它只能修飾名詞或者動(dòng)名詞。(這里的waterproof不能表示類別做名詞,因?yàn)榍懊娴墓谠~是a而不是 the)你也可以根據(jù)平行結(jié)構(gòu),由or cuticle判斷空格里應(yīng)該填入名詞或者動(dòng)名詞。(cuticle:表皮)而4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有C是名詞或者動(dòng)名詞。
例題3(1999年8月考題)
The term belles-lettres is used to denote literary forms that contain_____, such as drama, poetry, essays, and novels.
(A) artistic, creative writing
(B) writing that artistic, creative
(C) artistic, creative, and writing
(D) them is artistic, creative writing
首先,分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)。該句子的主干是:The term belles-lettres is used to denote literary forms。后面的that引導(dǎo)的從句修飾名詞詞組literary forms,contain是動(dòng)詞(包含),后面應(yīng)該帶名詞或名詞詞組。不但如此,such as這個(gè)短語(yǔ)引出的drama, poetry, essays, and novels應(yīng)該是空格的同位語(yǔ),再次說(shuō)明空格內(nèi)應(yīng)填入名詞或名詞詞組。選項(xiàng)A正好是能做contain的賓語(yǔ)的名詞短語(yǔ)。其中,形容詞artistic 和creative修飾動(dòng)名詞writing,組成名詞詞組。選項(xiàng)B中的that后面缺少助動(dòng)詞is。選項(xiàng)D也能構(gòu)筑一個(gè)完整的句子結(jié)構(gòu),但是表達(dá)甚是累贅,而且代詞them指代錯(cuò)誤(them指代forms)。所以,正確答案是A。
例題4(1999年8月考題)
Paul Samuelson revolutionized _____by presenting his students with the most advanced economic thinking at an introductory level.
(A) to teach economics
(B) the teaching of economics
(C) teaching that economics is
(D) economics is taught
首先,分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)??崭窈蟮腷y引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作做方式狀語(yǔ)(by presenting his students with the most advanced economic thinking as an introductory level),句子的主干是Paul Samuelson revolutionized ______。由動(dòng)詞revolutionized(對(duì)……進(jìn)行革命)的用法得出,其后應(yīng)該填入名詞或者名詞詞組,以構(gòu)成完整的主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)(如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作及物動(dòng)詞,句子的完整結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該包含主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu);如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作非及物動(dòng)詞,句子的完整結(jié)構(gòu)是主謂結(jié)構(gòu))。對(duì)于選項(xiàng)A,動(dòng)詞revolutionize并沒(méi)有revolutionize to do sth的用法,也就是說(shuō)revolution做動(dòng)詞時(shí),即revolutionize是及物動(dòng)詞,后不加不定式。選項(xiàng)B正好是可構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)的名詞詞組。對(duì)于選項(xiàng)C,其中的that economics is用法錯(cuò)誤,因?yàn)樗荒墚?dāng)從句修飾可做名詞的動(dòng)名詞teaching。而對(duì)于選項(xiàng)D,它是一個(gè)完整的主謂結(jié)構(gòu),填入空格中根本沒(méi)法形成一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)合理的句子。
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