托福結(jié)構(gòu)化閱讀指什么 要怎么做？

　　其實(shí)，這個(gè)詞本身只是閱讀老師們?cè)诓煌瑫r(shí)空YY出來(lái)的一個(gè)說(shuō)法(e.g. 牛頓與萊布尼茨)，各家機(jī)構(gòu)甚至各位老師對(duì)其都存在不一樣的解讀和詮釋。

　　首先，我們先列舉幾種常見托福閱讀的閱讀方式：

　　1.我是大神，我先通讀全文;

　　2.我很穩(wěn)健，我先讀段落;

　　3.我很帥，我直接做題。

　　對(duì)于第1種學(xué)神同學(xué)，我無(wú)F可說(shuō);第3種同學(xué)，接下來(lái)請(qǐng)認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)方法;第2種同學(xué)，恭喜你已經(jīng)邁出滿分閱讀的第一步。

　　為什么要以段落為單位閱讀呢?

　　托福閱讀，看似最小的分割單位是14個(gè)題目，實(shí)則是每個(gè)段落。如直接開始做題，必然會(huì)在完成該段落對(duì)應(yīng)的2-3個(gè)題目的過(guò)程中反復(fù)回到文章中閱讀，費(fèi)時(shí)不討好(血虧)。

　　高效且低錯(cuò)誤率的閱讀方法是，在開始看題之前先對(duì)對(duì)應(yīng)該幾題的段落(e.g.第一段對(duì)應(yīng)1-2題)進(jìn)行快速瀏覽，也就是我們通常說(shuō)到的Scan。

　　Scan：速讀;掃視，指的不是眼睛掃視的快，而是我們?cè)谕ㄗx本段的時(shí)候有所讀而有所不讀。

　　到底讀哪些，哪些又可以略過(guò)呢?

　　我們先區(qū)別以下兩個(gè)概念

　　Principle：原則/原理

　　Fact：事實(shí)

　　在以說(shuō)明文當(dāng)?shù)赖耐懈ｉ喿x文章中，單個(gè)段落中多數(shù)包含以上兩種信息。

　　舉個(gè)栗子，TPO 11-2 Orientation and Navigation文章第3段：

　　Early in his research, Kramer found that caged migratory birds became very restless at about the time they would normally have begun migration in the wild. Furthermore, he noticed that as they fluttered around in the cage, they often launched themselves in the direction of their normal migratory route. He then set up experiments with caged starlings and found that their orientation was, in fact, in the proper migratory direction except when the sky was overcast, at which times there was no clear direction to their restless movements. Kramer surmised, therefore, that they were orienting according to the position of the Sun. To test this idea, he blocked their view of the Sun and used mirrors to change its apparent position. He found that under these circumstances, the birds oriented with respect to the new "Sun." They seemed to be using the Sun as a compass to determine direction. At the time, this idea seemed preposterous. How could a bird navigate by the Sun when some of us lose our way with road maps? Obviously, more testing was in order.

　　從第一句中的In his research能看出，之后內(nèi)容都是在描述實(shí)驗(yàn)屬于Fact類型的信息，而在段落倒數(shù)的第四排He found之后的內(nèi)容則是該實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果和進(jìn)一步的猜想，屬于Principle類型的信息。

　　很明顯，F(xiàn)act類型信息內(nèi)容繁多，描述較為復(fù)雜凌亂，必然是我們Scan過(guò)程中所要略過(guò)的內(nèi)容;相反的，Principle類型信息指向明確，言簡(jiǎn)意賅，應(yīng)為我們重點(diǎn)關(guān)注的內(nèi)容。

　　換個(gè)說(shuō)法，在一個(gè)段落中出現(xiàn)Fact類型必然是支持或者解釋Principle類型信息，后者的重要性遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于前者。

　　所以你懂了么?