圖片來(lái)源:國(guó)家文物局
The cultural relics date from the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC) to the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), encompassing a variety of items, mainly ceramics. They are from provinces including Jiangxi, Anhui, Fujian, Henan, Shaanxi, Hebei and Guizhou.
這些文物時(shí)間跨度從春秋到清代,質(zhì)地多為陶瓷,地域分布江西、安徽、福建、河南、陜西、河北、貴州等。
【單詞講解】
我們常見(jiàn)的cultural relics里面的relic指“an object, tradition, or system from the past that continues to exist”,即“從過(guò)去流傳至今的物件、傳統(tǒng)或體系”,在考古領(lǐng)域多指“從過(guò)去遺留下來(lái)的物件,沒(méi)有現(xiàn)實(shí)用處,但多具有歷史意義”或者“遺跡、遺物”等。Artifact,在英式英語(yǔ)中寫(xiě)作artefact,一般指“手工制品”,在考古領(lǐng)域則多指挖掘出來(lái)的“手工制作的(工具、武器、飾品等具有考古或歷史價(jià)值的)文物”。因此在表示“歷史文物”的時(shí)候,relic涵蓋的范圍要比artifact要廣一些,而且這兩個(gè)詞一般都用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
Their return brings an end to a quarter-century of China's efforts to retrieve lost cultural relics from overseas, said Guan Qiang, deputy director of the administration.
國(guó)家文物局副局長(zhǎng)關(guān)強(qiáng)表示,這批文物的回歸,為中國(guó)政府持續(xù)25年的跨國(guó)文物追索行動(dòng)畫(huà)上圓滿句號(hào)。
【單詞講解】
這里用常見(jiàn)詞return表示“返還、回歸”很好理解,更加正式的表達(dá)可以用repatriate historical artifacts或者名詞形式repatriation of historical artifacts,repatriate表示send something back to its home country(把...送回國(guó)),如果是repatriate someone則表示“遣返、遣送回國(guó)”。
“追索流散文物”可以用retrieve lost cultural relics/historical artifacts表示。Retrieve 表示“找回,重新獲得”,比如追討官員贓款(retrieve officials' illegal gains),找到遺體(retrieve bodies)等。
追索過(guò)程一波三折
1995年2月,英警方向中國(guó)駐英使館通報(bào),在偵破一起國(guó)際文物犯罪案件過(guò)程中發(fā)現(xiàn)疑似中國(guó)文物,國(guó)家文物局初步鑒定為中國(guó)禁止出境文物。
圖片來(lái)源:國(guó)家文物局
British police seized all the items in an operation that March. They were later identified by NCHA personnel as lost cultural relics of China.Soon, the State Council, China's Cabinet, set up a special cross-departmental working group to bring them home.
當(dāng)年3月,英警方截獲扣押大量文物。國(guó)家文物局確認(rèn)為走私中國(guó)文物。在國(guó)務(wù)院統(tǒng)一部署下,多部門(mén)組成“追索英警方查扣走私中國(guó)文物工作小組”。
In 1998, over 3,000 relics were returned to China after cooperation by law enforcement units, a lawsuit and negotiations.
1998年,經(jīng)過(guò)執(zhí)法部門(mén)的合作、訴訟及談判,3000余件返還文物回國(guó)。
However, a local buyer of dozens of remaining relics refused to take part in negotiations, and the civil dispute dragged on after hitting a deadlock. The 68 relics remained impounded by British police.
但該案中一名文物購(gòu)買人拒絕參與協(xié)商談判,民事訴訟陷入僵局,涉案的68件文物一直被英警方扣押。
In January, the Metropolitan Police informed the Chinese embassy that the deadline for prosecution in the case had passed, but the whereabouts of the buyer were unknown. The police showed a willingness to return the items to China.
2020年1月,倫敦大都會(huì)警察局聯(lián)系中國(guó)駐英使館,告知因購(gòu)買人去向不明,且扣押時(shí)間超過(guò)追訴期,主動(dòng)提出希望將該批文物歸還中國(guó)政府。
圖片來(lái)源:國(guó)家文物局
The Metropolitan Police Service handed the artifacts to the Chinese embassy in October.
2020年10月,倫敦大都會(huì)警察局將這批文物交接給中國(guó)駐英使館。
The relics were transported in tailor-made cases and landed intact in Beijing on Oct 20.
10月20日,裝在定制盒子中運(yùn)送的文物完好無(wú)損地抵達(dá)北京。
1989年,中國(guó)接受聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織1970年《關(guān)于禁止和防止非法進(jìn)出口文化財(cái)產(chǎn)和非法轉(zhuǎn)讓其所有權(quán)的方法的公約》(the 1970 UNESCO Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property),之后與20多個(gè)國(guó)家就打擊非法文物交易以及流失文物追索返還簽署雙邊協(xié)議(bilateral agreements on fighting the illegal transfer of and facilitating the repatriation of relics)。
【相關(guān)詞匯】
文化遺產(chǎn) cultural heritage
非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn) intangible cultural heritage
文化多樣性 cultural diversity
傳統(tǒng)文化教育 traditional culture education
國(guó)家級(jí)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)繼承人 inheritor of national intangible cultural heritage
世界遺產(chǎn)名錄 World Heritage List
申遺 bid for the World Heritage List
文化資源整合 integration of cultural resources
保護(hù)世界文化和自然遺產(chǎn)公約 Convention Concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage
瘋狂英語(yǔ) 英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法 新概念英語(yǔ) 走遍美國(guó) 四級(jí)聽(tīng)力 英語(yǔ)音標(biāo) 英語(yǔ)入門(mén) 發(fā)音 美語(yǔ) 四級(jí) 新東方 七年級(jí) 賴世雄 zero是什么意思西安市御錦城v青年英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)交流群