大學英語自學教程 unit 05

[00:00.00]Unit 5 Text A [00:02.14]第五單元 課文A [00:04.28]Fallacies about Food [00:06.50]關于食品的錯誤觀點 [00:08.72]Many primitive peoples believed [00:11.05]很多原始人相信， [00:13.37]that by eating an animal they could get some of the good qualities of that animal for themselves. [00:17.45]動物就可以獲得這種動物的某些長處。 [00:21.52]They thought, for example, [00:23.44]比如，他們認為， [00:25.36]that eating deer would make them runas fast as the deer. [00:28.55]吃鹿肉能使他們跑得像鹿一樣飛快。 [00:31.74]Some savage tribes believed that eating enemies [00:35.02]一些野蠻部落則相信， [00:38.30]that had shown bravery in battle would make them brave. [00:41.42]吃那些在戰(zhàn)斗中表現(xiàn)驍勇的敵人能使他們也勇敢。 [00:44.54]Man-eating may have started because [00:46.92]吃人現(xiàn)象開始發(fā)生可能是因為 [00:49.29]people were eager to become as strong and brave as their enemies. [00:52.62]人們渴望變得像他們的敵人一樣強壯和勇敢。 [00:55.95]Among civilized people [00:58.14]在文明人中， [01:00.32]it was once thought that ginger root by come magical power [01:03.70]生姜曾被認為具有魔力， [01:07.08] could improve the memory. [01:09.26]能提高人們的記憶力。 [01:11.44]Eggs were thought to make the voice pretty. [01:14.32]蛋則被認為能使人的聲音甜美。 [01:17.19]Tomatoes also were believed to have magicai powers. [01:20.52]人們也相信西紅柿有魔力， [01:23.85]They were called love apples [01:26.13]稱之為愛情蘋果。 [01:28.40]and were supposed to make people who ate them fall in love. [01:31.48]人們以為，誰吃了西紅柿，誰就會陷入情網(wǎng)。 [01:34.56]Later another wrong idea about tomatoes grew up-- [01:38.04]后來，又出現(xiàn)了關于西紅柿的另一種錯誤說法—— [01:41.51]the idea that they were poisonous. [01:43.99]即西紅柿有毒。 [01:46.48]How surprised the people who thought tomatoes poisonous would be [01:49.75]如果有這種想法的人知道二戰(zhàn)期間 [01:53.03]if they could know that millions of pounds of tomatoes [01:56.61]成百萬磅的西紅柿被供應給在海外作戰(zhàn)的士兵， [02:00.19]were supplied to soldiers overseas during World War II. [02:03.22]他們該多驚訝呀。 [02:06.25]Even today there are a great many wrong ideas about food. [02:09.88]即使今天仍有許多關于食物的錯誤說法。 [02:13.51]Some of them are very widespread. [02:16.10]其中一些還流傳甚廣。 [02:18.68]One such idea is that fish is the best brain food. [02:21.86]這些說法中有一種是，魚是最好的健腦食品。 [02:25.03]Fish is good brain food just as it is good muscle food and skin food and bone food. [02:29.81]魚是良好的益腦食品，正如它對肌肉、皮膚和骨骼是有閃的食品一樣。 [02:34.59]But no one has been able to prove [02:37.11]但還沒有 人能夠證明， [02:39.63] that fish is any better for the brain than many other kinds of food. [02:43.07]魚的益腦作用比許多別的食品要強。 [02:46.50]Another such idea is that you should not drink water with meals. [02:49.98]另一種錯誤的說法是，吃飯時我不應該喝水。 [02:53.45]Washing food down with water as a substitute for chewing is not a good idea, [02:57.33]喝水將食物沖下而替代咀嚼固然不是好辦法， [03:01.21]but some water with meals has been found to be helpful. [03:04.29]但人們發(fā)現(xiàn)吃飯時喝些水是有益的。 [03:07.38]It makes the digestive juices flow more freely and helps to digest the food. [03:11.35]水能夠促進消化液的分泌，從而幫助消化。 [03:15.32]Many of the ideas which scientists tell us have no foundation [03:18.79]科學家告訴我們， [03:22.27] have to do with mixtures of foods. [03:24.84]很多毫無根據(jù)的說法與混合食物有關。 [03:27.41]A few years ago the belief became general that orange juice and milk [03:31.28]幾年前，這種看法變得十分普遍， [03:35.14] should never be drunk at the same meal. [03:37.57]即桔汁和牛奶決不可在同一餐中飲用。 [03:40.00]The reason given was that the acid in the orange juice [03:43.03]所給的理由是桔汁中的果酸會使牛奶凝結， [03:46.06] would make the milk curdle and become indigestible. [03:49.04]使之變得難以消化。 [03:52.02]As a matter of fact,milk always meets in the stomach a digestive juice which curdles it; [03:57.31]但事實上，牛奶在胃里總是與一種使之凝結的消化液混合。 [04:02.60]the curdling of the milk is the first step in its digestion. [04:05.83]牛奶的凝結是其被消化的第一步。 [04:09.05]A similar wrong idear is that fish and ice cream [04:12.32]另一種類似 的錯誤觀點是， [04:15.58]when eaten at the same meal form a poisonous combination. [04:19.07]在同一餐中吃魚和水淇淋會使二者形成一種有毒的化合物。 [04:22.56]Still another wrong idea about mixing foods [04:25.84]還有一種關于混合食物的錯誤觀點， [04:29.11]is that proteins and carbohydrates should never be eaten at the same meal. [04:32.94]即蛋白質和碳水化合物決不可在同一餐中食用。 [04:36.77]Many people think of'bread, for example,as a carbohydrate food. [04:39.90]比如，很多人認為面包是一種碳水化合物食品。 [04:43.04]It is chiefly a carbohydrate food, but it also contains proteins. [04:47.41]面包主要是碳水化合物食品，但它也含有蛋白質。 [04:51.79]In the same way,milk, probably the best single food, [04:54.92]同樣地，牛奶可算是最佳的單一食品了， [04:58.06] contains both proteins and carbohydrates. [05:00.88]但它卻同時含有蛋白質及碳水化合物。 [05:03.70]It is just as foolish to say that one should never eat meat and potatoes together [05:07.72]決不能把肉類和土豆放在一起吃，這種說法是愚蠢的， [05:11.75]as it is to say that one should never eat bread or drink milk. [05:15.08]就像是說不要吃面包或不要喝牛奶一樣。 [05:18.41]Text B [05:20.04]課文B [05:21.67]Do Animals Think? [05:23.50]動物會思考嗎？ [05:25.33]The question has often been asked,Do animals think? [05:28.36]人們經(jīng)常會問這個問題，動物會思考嗎？ [05:31.39]I believe that some of them think a great deal. [05:33.96]我相信一些動物思考甚多。 [05:36.54]Many of them are like children in their sports. [05:39.17]很多動物能你孩子一樣地游戲。 [05:41.81]We notice this to be true very often with dogs and cats; [05:44.69]我們注意到貓和狗是這樣的， [05:47.56]but it is true with other animals as well. [05:50.13]但別的動物也如此。 [05:52.71]Some birds are very lively in their sports; [05:55.64]一些鳥類在游戲時非?；顫?， [05:58.58]and the same is true with some insects. [06:01.10]一些昆蟲也如此。 [06:03.62]The ants,hardworking as they are,have their times for play. [06:07.26]螞蟻盡管工作很勤勞，但仍有時間玩耍。 [06:10.89]They run races;they wrestle;and sometimes they have mock fights together. [06:14.86]它們賽跑、摔跤，有時還一起進行模擬戰(zhàn)斗。 [06:18.83]Very busy must be their thoughts while engaged in these sports. [06:22.07]它們在從事這些游戲時，思想一定很忙碌。 [06:25.31]There are many animals, however, [06:27.64]但還有很多動物從不玩耍。 [06:29.98]that never play;their thoughts seem to be of the more sober kind. [06:33.51]它們的思想似乎屬于比較嚴肅那一類的。 [06:37.04]We never see frogs engaged in sport. [06:39.52]我們從沒有見過青蛙做什么游戲。 [06:42.00]They all the time appear to be very grave. [06:44.62]所有時候它們都顯得很莊重。 [06:47.25]The same is true of the owl, [06:49.59]貓頭鷹也這樣， [06:51.92]who always looks as if he were considering some important question. [06:54.96]總是顯出一副似乎正在思考重要問題的樣子 [06:57.99]Animals think much while building their houses. [07:00.96]動物在建造家園進思考很多。 [07:03.94]The bird searches for what it can use in building its nest, [07:07.06]鳥類在搜尋它所能用來 [07:10.18]and in doing this it thinks. [07:12.40]筑巢的東西時總在思考。 [07:14.63]The beavers think as they build their dams and their houses. [07:17.81]海貍在建房和建筑時也思考問題。 [07:21.00]They think in getting their materials, [07:23.43]它們琢磨如何找到材料， [07:25.86]and also in arranging them,and in plastering them together with mud. [07:29.14]安置材料之后找用泥漿把它們粘在一起。 [07:32.41]Some spiders build houses [07:34.60]一些蜘蛛編織的“房子”隊了有思考能力的動物外， [07:36.78]which could scarcely have been made except by some thinking creature. [07:39.86]別的動物幾乎不可能造出來。 [07:42.94]As animals think, they learn.Some learn more than others. [07:46.32]正如動物會思考一樣，它們也會學習。一些動物比另一些動物學得快。 [07:49.71]The parrot learns to talk,though in some other respects it is quite stupid. [07:53.80]鸚鵡雖然在一些別的方面挺笨，但能學話。 [07:57.88]The mocking bird learns to imitate a great many different sounds. [08:00.97]反舌鳥能學會模仿很多不同的聲音。 [08:04.05]The horse is not long in learning many things connected [08:06.92]馬在學習干很多與它的活兒 [08:09.80] with the work which he has to do. [08:11.98]有關的事情上還不算慢。 [08:14.16]The shepherd dog does not know as much about most things as some other dogs, [08:17.54]牧羊犬對很多事情不如別的狗知道得多， [08:20.92]and yet he understands very well how to take care of sheep. [08:23.95]可它非常明白應該如何看管好羊群。 [08:26.98]Though animals think and learn, [08:28.90]雖然動物既思考也學習， [08:30.82]they do not make any real improvement in their ways of doing things,as men do. [08:34.21]但在做事的方法上并不能像人那樣有真正的改進。 [08:37.59]Each kind of bird has its own way of building a nest, [08:40.46]每種鳥都有其獨特的筑巢方式， [08:43.34] and it is always the same way. [08:45.47]但總是一成不變。 [08:47.60]And so of other animals. [08:49.67]別的動物也如此。 [08:51.75]They have no new fashions,and learn none from each other. [08:54.62]它們缺乏新的花們，也不會相互學習。 [08:57.50]But men,as you know,are always finding new ways of building houses, [09:01.13]而人呢，正如你知道的那樣，總在發(fā)現(xiàn)建造房屋的新方法， [09:04.76]and improved methods of doing almost all kinds of labor. [09:07.59]并入進了幾乎所的工作的方法。 [09:10.43]Many of the things that animals know how to do [09:13.21]有許多事情動物知道怎么做， [09:15.99] they seem to know either without learning, [09:18.21]但它們要么未經(jīng)過學習就會， [09:20.43]or in some way which we cannot understand. [09:22.96]，要么是以某種我們不了解的方式學會的。 [09:25.50]They are said to do such things by instinct; [09:28.12]據(jù)說它們憑本能就會做這些事， [09:30.75]but no one can tell what instinct is. [09:33.18]但沒人能說清什么是本能。 [09:35.61]It is by this instinct that birds build their nests [09:38.44]正是通過這種本能，鳥類搭巢， [09:41.28] and beavers their dams and huts. [09:43.50]海貍筑堤造窩。 [09:45.72]If these things were all planned and thought out just as men plan new houses, [09:49.40]如果這些事情像人設計新房子一樣有所計劃， [09:53.08]there would be some changes in the fashions of them,and some improvements. [09:56.32]有所設想，式樣上就應該有所變化，有所改進。 [09:59.56]I have spoken of the building instinct of beavers. [10:02.54]我已經(jīng)談過海貍 的建筑本能。 [10:05.52]An English gentleman caught a young one and put him at first in a cage. [10:09.20]一個英國紳士捉了只小海貍，先把它關在籠子里。 [10:12.88]After a while he let him out in a mom [10:15.67]過了一會兒紳士把它放到一個有各種東西的房間里。 [10:18.45] where there was a great variety of things. [10:20.67]小海貍一被放出來， [10:22.89]As soon as he was let out he began to exercise his building instinct. [10:26.57]就開始運用它的建筑本能。 [10:30.26]He gathered together whatever he could find, [10:32.62]它把所能找到的各種東西集中起來， [10:34.98]brushes,baskets,boots,clothes,sticks,bits of coal,etc., [10:39.75]如刷子、籃子、靴子、衣服、棍子、 [10:44.52] and arranged them as if to build a dam. [10:46.95]小煤塊等，把它們擺放得好像筑堤一樣。 [10:49.38]Now,if he had had his wits about him, [10:52.32]那么，如果海貍真有才智的話， [10:55.26]he would have known that there was no use in building a dam [10:57.99]它本應該知道 [11:00.71]where there was no water. [11:02.49]，在沒有水地方筑堤是毫無意義的。 [11:04.27]It is plain that, [11:05.94]很明顯， [11:07.61]while animals learn about things by their senses as we do, [11:10.75]當動物像人一樣依靠感官學習時， [11:13.88]they do not think nearly as much about what they learn, [11:16.70]它們不像人一樣對學習的東西深入思考， [11:19.52]and this is the reason why they do not improve more rapidly. [11:22.50]而這就是為什么它們不能得到更快提高的原因。 [11:25.48]Even the wisest of them, as the elephant and the dog, [11:28.56]即使它們中緊聰明的動物，如大象和狗， [11:31.64]do not think very much about what they see and hear. [11:34.47]對所見所聞也思考不夠。 [11:37.29]Nor is this all. [11:39.10]這還不是全部原因。 [11:40.92]There are some things that we understand, [11:43.33]我們人能理解的一些東西， [11:45.75]but about which animals know nothing. [11:47.97]動物對此則一無所知。 [11:50.19]They have no knowledge of anything that happens outside of their own observation . [11:53.87]它們不了解發(fā)生在自己觀察范圍之外的事情。 [11:57.56]Their minds are so much unlike ours [11:59.99]它們頭腦與我們的大不一樣， [12:02.42]that they do not know the difference between right and wrong. [12:05.24]以致無法知道對錯之分。

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