考研英語(yǔ)聽力--日常用語(yǔ)基本要求

　　日常用語(yǔ)(Everyday English)

　　日常問候用語(yǔ)是考生必須熟練運(yùn)用的知識(shí)，這與考生的口語(yǔ)操練有很大關(guān)系。說(shuō)促進(jìn)聽，是許多英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者的心得。而且日常問候要視人而定，如英國(guó)人見面談天氣，美國(guó)人見面問身體等。下面作詳細(xì)介紹：

　　1.問候類(Greetings)

　　英語(yǔ)中的問候用語(yǔ)非常繁多，正式的通常有：

　　How do you do?(初次見面通常用語(yǔ))

　　How are you?(比較熟悉的人之間用語(yǔ))

　　How are you getting along with...?(你近來(lái)...可好?)

　　How are you doing?(您工作還順利吧?)

　　How is everything?(一切還好吧?)

　　How is your vacation/holiday(s)/Christmas Day/weekend?(假期怎么樣?)

　　當(dāng)今美國(guó)社會(huì)流行口語(yǔ)用語(yǔ)，大致有：

　　What?s up?(近來(lái)可忙?)

　　Hello?Hi?

　　What?s going on?(近來(lái)可好?)

　　How is life?

　　How is it going?anything new?

　　Pleased to meet you again!

　　對(duì)以上問候的對(duì)答通常有How do you do!

　　Fine!Thank you，and you?

　　Every is fine!

　　I?m just great!

　　Very(quite)well，thank you!

　　Couldn?t be better，thank you!

　　Not bad!

　　Can?t complain!

　　Just so?so.

　　值得一提的是，隨著美語(yǔ)越來(lái)越廣泛地滲透，聽力中用美語(yǔ)朗讀且以美國(guó)社會(huì)為背景的題材的趨勢(shì)愈加明顯?？忌⒁馊粘？谡Z(yǔ)對(duì)話，及時(shí)吸取信息，將對(duì)聽力有很大的幫助。

　　請(qǐng)看下面的對(duì)話：

　　A：Good morning, Ms Lucy. This is Betty, can you still remember me?

　　B：Betty? Is it really? Surely I remember you. You are my good friend, and I haven?t seen you for ages, but how are you?

　　A：Fine, I?m just fine, Ms Lucy...

　　2.告別類(Farewell)

　　有聚總有散。告別情景的設(shè)置往往并非簡(jiǎn)單、直接地告別，常伴隨著理由、托辭等。

　　直接的告別話語(yǔ)有：

　　Good bye! (Bye?bye! Bye!)

　　See you (tomorrow)! See you later!

　　So long! Farewell!

　　委婉的告別辭有：

　　I?d like to say goodbye to everyone.

　　I?m afraid I must be going now.

　　I?m calling to say goodbye.

　　其他帶有祝愿以及叮囑等的告別辭有：

　　I?ll look forward to seeing you soon.

　　Let?s hope we?ll meet again.

　　Hope to see you again.

　　Drop in anytime you like.

　　Mind how you go, bye!

　　Take care of yourself, and don?t forget to keep in touch.

　　Do keep in touch!

　　My regards to your family.

　　A pleasant journey to you!

　　I?ll miss you!

　　這種表達(dá)方式與中國(guó)人的日常言談?lì)H為相似，所以有時(shí)不妨可作大膽推測(cè)。

　　請(qǐng)?jiān)谙旅娴膶?duì)話中對(duì)此加以體會(huì)：

　　M: I?m afraid I?ve got to go now。

　　W: Can?t you stay just another minute?

　　M: Oh, dear, I really have to...

　　W: Ok, take care of yourself, and I will miss you. Bye!

　　M: Bye!...

　　3.介紹(Introduction)

　　在日常生活中我們會(huì)經(jīng)常碰到一些朋友小聚會(huì)，生日晚會(huì)等場(chǎng)面。在這些活動(dòng)中，總會(huì)有一些我們不認(rèn)識(shí)的人，因而互相介紹在這里就顯得非常的重要。在聽力中，人物介紹往往是一句帶過(guò)，因此通過(guò)這些有限句子弄清人物關(guān)系十分重要。同時(shí)要注意語(yǔ)氣的委婉。

　　英語(yǔ)中介紹性的語(yǔ)句通常有：

　　May I know your name?(請(qǐng)問貴姓?)

　　It?s my pleasure to introduce you to each other.(我非常高興給你們互相介紹)

　　May I introduce Mr. Bill to you all?(請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我給大家介紹以下比爾先生)

　　Margaret，can you introduce me to her?(瑪格麗特，你能不能把我介紹給她?)

　　Let me introduce you to others.(讓我給大家介紹一下你吧)

　　Meet my sister Cathy.(這是我的姐(妹)凱絲)

　　Bill, this is Tom.

　　Hi, I?m Susan，this is my calling card.(你好!我是蘇珊，這是我的名片)

　　下面是對(duì)話：

　　A: Mum, this is Peter. I mentioned him to you yesterday. He is my new boyfriend!

　　B: Oh, yeah, I see. Glad to meet you, Peter.

　　C: Glad to meet you too, Mrs Back. This is my calling card.

　　B: Oh, the manager of IMC. How come? Mary, you said last night he was only a milkman…

　　A: Yeah, mum. Peter is a milkman. He is the manager of International Milk Corporation. You see, he is the only person in his corporation he founded this morning.

　　B: My God!

　　4.邀請(qǐng)和拜訪(Invitation and dropping in)

　　我們?cè)谌粘Ｉ钪?，?jīng)常會(huì)邀請(qǐng)他人或被邀請(qǐng)一起去做一些事，如參加一些朋友的聚會(huì)、拜訪長(zhǎng)輩或名人。英美人說(shuō)話很委婉，要注意情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與固定句型的應(yīng)用。邀請(qǐng)有書面的，也有口頭的。英語(yǔ)中常用的邀請(qǐng)語(yǔ)有：

　　Would you like to come over our small party?(你愿意參加我們的小聚會(huì)嗎?)

　　If you ever in Beijing, please do look me up.(如果你來(lái)北京，請(qǐng)一定來(lái)看我)

　　Would you like to join us?(喜歡和我們一起嗎?)

　　Shall we dance?(我們可以跳個(gè)舞嗎?)

　　Shall we go for a walk?(去散步，好嗎?)

　　What about another coffee?(再來(lái)一杯咖啡?)

　　Shall we go to see a film?(去看電影，好嗎?)

　　May I have a dance with you?(可以請(qǐng)你跳個(gè)舞嗎?)

　　We?d be very honored if you come to our wedding ceremony.(如果你能參加婚禮，我們將感到非常的榮幸。)

　　Would you honor us with a visit?(可否賞光來(lái)我們這兒?)

　　I?d like to invite you to attend our graduation ceremony.(我希望你能參加我們的畢業(yè)典禮。)

　　I?m very sorry，but can we make it another time?(很對(duì)不起，下次可以嗎?)

　　Welcome to our city!(歡迎光臨我們的城市!)

　　Are you free this evening?I want to pay you a visit.(晚上有時(shí)間嗎?我想去看你。)

　　I really can?t thank you enough for the invitation.(得到你的邀請(qǐng)，我感激涕零。)

　　It?s my great honor to attend this grand graduation ceremony.(能參加這次盛大的畢業(yè)典禮，我感到非常的榮幸。)

　　對(duì)于別人邀請(qǐng)的回答要注意分寸，也要禮貌對(duì)待。總之，“客套”是此類對(duì)話的本質(zhì)。

　　在考研聽力的情景對(duì)話中，邀請(qǐng)的日常用語(yǔ)也經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)。下面是一些模擬聽力對(duì)話：

　　Dialogue 1

　　M: Will you do me the honor of dancing with me, Mrs. Jones?

　　W: Oh, I?m really sorry. I?ve done too much of it.

　　M: Ok, I see...

　　Dialogue 2

　　M: Would you like to see a film with me tonight?

　　W: Oh, it is great.

　　Dialogue 3

　　M:How about have a drink in that bar?

　　W:I?m afraid I can?t...

　　5.道歉和應(yīng)答(Apology and response)

　　在日常交往中，我們總會(huì)因?yàn)檫@樣那樣的原因犯一些錯(cuò)誤，對(duì)此，我們就應(yīng)該說(shuō)一些抱歉的話。西方人非常注重語(yǔ)言上的禮貌，我們?nèi)绻粢?，就?huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)BBC或者VOA節(jié)目里的主持人經(jīng)常會(huì)因語(yǔ)言上的打嗑而說(shuō)sorry。因?yàn)橹甭?，所以道歉要及時(shí)說(shuō)出才能得到諒解，這是西方文化與東方文化的不同之處。英語(yǔ)情景對(duì)話中，道歉及應(yīng)答的語(yǔ)句通常有：

　　I do apologize for the inconvenience I brought to you last night.(對(duì)于昨晚帶給你的不便，我感到非常的慚愧。)

　　I?ve got to say sorry for what I said rudely just now.(我很抱歉剛才對(duì)你說(shuō)的那些無(wú)禮的話。)

　　I?m awfully sorry about the delay.(對(duì)這次耽誤，我感到非常的抱歉。)

　　It was me to blame.(這是我的錯(cuò)。)

　　I do beg your pardon.(求你原諒我。)

　　I am sorry to bumpsintosyou. (對(duì)不起，撞著您了。)

　　I?m afraid I?ve taken you up too much for your time.(花您那么多時(shí)間，實(shí)在對(duì)不起。)

　　It was all my fault to have done...(這都是我的錯(cuò)……)

　　We really didn?t mean that at all.(我們真的沒有那樣的意思。)

　　Please forgive me for...(請(qǐng)?jiān)?hellip;…)

　　That?s all right, don?t think any more about it.(沒什么大不了的，別想的太多。)

　　It?s nothing serious. You don?t have to upset yourself. (沒有那么嚴(yán)重，不必太自責(zé)。)

　　It?s not as bad as that. There is no point to getting upset.(沒那么糟，不要為此而不安。)

　　That?s okay. Don?t let it bother you.(沒事，別想的太多了。)

　　下面是一些關(guān)于道歉的對(duì)話，請(qǐng)大家注意英語(yǔ)說(shuō)話的技巧。

　　Dialogue 1

　　A: It?s so careless of me to have lost your book...

　　B: Oh, that?s doesn?t matter. Because, you know, that?s just the one I borrowed from your father...

　　Dialogue 2

　　A: I?m terribly sorry for breakingsintosyour room, but...

　　B: Ok, what?s your problem?

　　A: Someone?s chasing me behind, and, and I need your help...

　　B: Oh,...

　　6.責(zé)備與抱怨(Blame and complaint)

　　前面所提到的西方人說(shuō)話直率在此類對(duì)話中更為明顯。對(duì)于別人的打擾，自己受到不公平待遇會(huì)說(shuō)出來(lái)，而不是不留面子。這里有分寸問題，通過(guò)說(shuō)話人的口氣與語(yǔ)調(diào)可判斷其情緒與態(tài)度。

　　英語(yǔ)中責(zé)備與抱怨的話通常有：What on earth is the matter here?(到底發(fā)生了什么事?)

　　I?m afraid I have a complaint to make about the service.(我對(duì)你們的服務(wù)有意見。)

　　You ought to be ashamed of what you?ve done on me.(你應(yīng)為你對(duì)我所做的事感到羞愧。)

　　Why on earth did you say such a silly thing to me?(你對(duì)我說(shuō)這種蠢話究竟是什么意思?)

　　You?ve no right to help yourself.(你無(wú)權(quán)自己動(dòng)手!)

　　I?m not a bit satisfied with such a result.(我對(duì)這樣的結(jié)果一點(diǎn)也不滿意!)

　　You ought to be careful enough next time.(你下次再不能這樣粗心了。)

　　I got very annoyed about it.(我對(duì)此煩透了。)

　　Can?t you be serious for once?(你就不能嚴(yán)肅一次?)

　　Don?t interfere in my business, please.(請(qǐng)別干涉我的私事。)

　　It?s no nice of you to behave like that.(你那樣做太不像話。)

　　一般對(duì)責(zé)備與抱怨，人們通常的反應(yīng)是表示抱歉與愿意接受。

　　請(qǐng)分析下面的對(duì)話：

　　A：You don?t have to play the radio so loud, do you?

　　B：Oh，I?m really sorry about it

　　Q: What happened to the second man?

　　7.意見與判斷(Views and adjudgement )

　　在日常生活中，當(dāng)我們和朋友或同事一起做事的時(shí)候，通常會(huì)詢問一下別人的見解、想法。對(duì)別人意見所抱的態(tài)度在聽力中通常會(huì)成為出題人設(shè)題的要點(diǎn)。其中，說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣與音調(diào)是判斷其意見與態(tài)度的落腳點(diǎn)。這里給大家提供一些英

　　語(yǔ)中常用的句子以供大家參考：

　　Yes, I quite agree with you about that.(對(duì)，關(guān)于此問題，我與你意見相同。)

　　You are quite right here. I have no objection.(這次你非常正確，我沒別的意見。)

　　I?m with you there. That?s a fine idea. (我支持你，這個(gè)主意不錯(cuò)。)

　　There is no doubt about it. I think this one will do.(沒什么可懷疑的，我認(rèn)為就這樣。)

　　I rather doubt that.(我非常懷疑。)

　　I beg differ with you.(請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我表示異議。)

　　I don?t quite agree with you. I?m against it. (我不十分同意你的意見，我反對(duì)。)

　　Many people have different ideas. (許多人有不同的想法。)

　　That?sswheresI disagree with you.(這就是我不同意你的地方。)

　　My own view exactly.(這正好是我的觀點(diǎn)。)

　　I don?t think it?s very practical.(我不認(rèn)為這很實(shí)際。)

　　請(qǐng)分析下面的對(duì)話：

　　Dialogue 1

　　W:I weigh 180 pounds now. I need some new clothes.;

　　M:Maybe you should go on a diet.;

　　W:really?...

　　Dialogue 2

　　W:I?m here for my 12 o?clock appointment with Prof. Li.;

　　M:Why don?t you have a seat for a moment?;

　　W:Oh, yes. Thank you.;

　　8.祝愿與祝福(Wishes and congratulations)

　　人們?cè)诠?jié)日、道別以及朋友、家人外出時(shí)，通常會(huì)說(shuō)一些表示祝愿的話。此類場(chǎng)合常有新年祝賀、結(jié)婚生子、喬遷發(fā)財(cái)、得獎(jiǎng)出國(guó)、考試結(jié)束、升學(xué)成功等等。如：

　　Every success in your study! Here?s to a happy marriage.(祝你工作順利，婚姻美滿。)

　　Wish you success! May you success!(祝你成功!)

　　Please convey my best wishes to Bill.(請(qǐng)向比爾傳達(dá)我最好的祝愿。)

　　The best of luck! Best wishes! Best regards!(好運(yùn)!祝福!)

　　I drink to your promotion.(我為你的提升干杯!)

　　Allow me to offer my heartiest wishes.(請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我向你表示衷心的問候。)

　　I?d like to be the first to congratulate you.(我想第一個(gè)向你表示祝賀。)

　　Enjoy your vacation!(假日愉快!)

　　請(qǐng)看下面對(duì)話：

　　A: Lily and I are going to be married tomorrow.

　　B: Woo, really? Congratulations! But...

　　A: What?s that?

　　B: I was wondering that you would marry Cathie