<例句>
I won't believe you until I've seen you in the room with my own eyes.
我要親眼見(jiàn)到你在這個(gè)屋子里才相信你。
<語(yǔ)法分析>
在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,可用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)代替將來(lái)完成時(shí)。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),可接表示段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞也可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),但不接表示段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。有時(shí)在口語(yǔ)中,可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。有些動(dòng)詞,如hope, plan, mean, expect和think等有時(shí)可用過(guò)去完成時(shí)來(lái)表示一個(gè)本來(lái)打算做而未做,曾經(jīng)設(shè)想而未實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情。在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,過(guò)去完成時(shí)可代替過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)。
<觸類(lèi)旁通>
(1) He has got constant help from her since he has known her.
自從他認(rèn)識(shí)她以來(lái),他一直得到她的幫助。
語(yǔ)法分析:為了強(qiáng)調(diào)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,可用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。
(2) I have never heard of her since she left.
自她離開(kāi)后湖,我從未聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)她。
語(yǔ)法分析:since從句如果用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一定是延續(xù)性的,如果是非延續(xù)性的,則只能用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
(3) The vistors have stayed here for three days.
來(lái)訪者在這兒住了三天。
語(yǔ)法分析:延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),可接表示段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。
(4) The young man has joined the Party.
這年輕人入了黨。
語(yǔ)法分析:非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞也可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),但不接表示段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。
(5) I had intended to come over to see you, but was prevented from doing so.
我本打算來(lái)看望你,但受阻沒(méi)有來(lái)成。
語(yǔ)法分析:用過(guò)去完成時(shí)來(lái)表示一個(gè)本來(lái)打算做而未做,曾經(jīng)設(shè)想而未實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情。
(6) We would get into trouble as soon as the water had run out.
水一用完,我們就會(huì)陷入困境。
語(yǔ)法分析:在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,過(guò)去完成時(shí)可代替過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)。
<鞏固練習(xí)>
(1) When you _____[learn] computer, you'll find it a bridge to so much knowledge.
(2) The film _____[put] on at this cinema for three days.
(3) I _____[meet] him twice this morning.
(4) I _____[hear] of you before.
(5) This is the most wonderful film I ____[see}.
(6) In the last few years there _____[be] great changes in computers.
(7) She must _____[be] here last week.
(8) He should _____[let] us through the forest yesterday evening.
(9) The old man _____[live] here since 1980.
<參考答案>
(1) have learned (2) has been put (3) have met (4) have heard (5) have ever seen (6) have been (7) have seen (8) have let (9) has lived