國(guó)際關(guān)系英語詞匯大全Unit 29

　　英語單詞講解 unit 29

　　1.United States Treasury Securities

　　United States Treasury Securities are government debt instruments issued by the United States Department of the Treasury to finance the national debt of the United States. Treasury securities are often referred to simply as Treasuries. Since 2012 the management of government debt has been arranged by the Bureau of the Fiscal Service, succeeding the Bureau of the Public Debt. There are four types of marketable treasury securities: Treasury bills, Treasury notes, Treasury bonds, and Treasury Inflation Protected Securities (TIPS). There are also several types of non-marketable treasury securities including State and Local Government Series (SLGS), Government Account Series debt issued to government-managed trust funds, and savings bonds. All of the marketable Treasury securities are very liquid and are heavily traded on the secondary market. The non-marketable securities (such as savings bonds) are issued to subscribers and cannot be transferred through market sales.

　　1.國(guó)庫券 (美國(guó))

　　美國(guó)的國(guó)庫券是美國(guó)財(cái)政部通過公債局發(fā)行的政府債券。國(guó)庫證券是美國(guó)聯(lián)邦政府籌措借款的工具，他們常被簡(jiǎn)稱為Treasuries。其中有四種有價(jià)證券(可轉(zhuǎn)讓證券)：T-Bills、T-Notes、T-Bonds、通漲保值債券(Treasury Inflation Protected Securities，TIPS)，還有數(shù)種不可轉(zhuǎn)讓證券，例如：州和地方政府系列債(State and Local Government Series，SLGS)、對(duì)政府管理的信托基金發(fā)行的政府帳戶債券(Government Account Series debt)、儲(chǔ)蓄債券(Saving Bonds)。有價(jià)證券的流通性非常高，在二級(jí)市場(chǎng)的交易非?；罱j(luò)，而不可轉(zhuǎn)讓證券一經(jīng)購買就不能在市場(chǎng)上交易。

　　2.Gilt-edged securities

　　Gilt-edged securities are bonds issued by certain national governments. The term is of British origin, and originally referred to the debt securities issued by the Bank of England, which had a gilt (or gilded) edge. Hence, they are known as gilt-edged securities, or gilts for short. Today the term is used in the United Kingdom as well as some Commonwealth nations, such as South Africa and India. However, when reference is made to "gilts", what is generally meant is "UK gilts," unless otherwise specified.

　　2.金邊債券

　　金邊債券，原指英國(guó)的國(guó)債。17世紀(jì)英國(guó)政府經(jīng)議會(huì)批準(zhǔn)、開始發(fā)行政府公債，該公債信譽(yù)度很高。由于當(dāng)時(shí)發(fā)行的公債帶有金黃色邊，因此被稱為“金邊債券”。后來、金邊債券一詞泛指所有中央政府發(fā)行的債券，即國(guó)債。

　　3.Central bank

　　A central bank, reserve bank, or monetary authority is an institution that manages a state's currency, money supply, and interest rates. Central banks also usually oversee the commercial banking system of their respective countries. In contrast to a commercial bank, a central bank possesses a monopoly on increasing the amount of money in the state, and usually also prints the national currency, which usually serves as the state's legal tender. Examples include the European Central Bank (ECB) and the Federal Reserve of the United States. The primary function of a central bank is to manage the nation's money supply (monetary policy), through active duties such as managing interest rates, setting the reserve requirement, and acting as a lender of last resort to the banking sector during times of bank insolvency or financial crisis. Central banks usually also have supervisory powers, intended to prevent bank runs and to reduce the risk that commercial banks and other financial institutions engage in reckless or fraudulent behavior. Central banks in most developed nations are institutionally designed to be independent from political interference. Still, limited control by the executive and legislative bodies usually exists. The chief executive of a central bank is normally known as the Governor, President or Chairman.

　　3.中央銀行

　　中央銀行，簡(jiǎn)稱央行，是負(fù)責(zé)該國(guó)或該一區(qū)域(如歐盟)貨幣政策的主體機(jī)構(gòu)，通常也是一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)共同體的唯一貨幣發(fā)行機(jī)構(gòu)。正常的發(fā)行方式為貸款和收買外匯。央行對(duì)于銀行和其他金融機(jī)構(gòu)也有監(jiān)督權(quán)，確保它們不會(huì)莽撞行事或有欺瞞行為。最高長(zhǎng)官是央行總裁(Governor)，中華民國(guó)中央銀行亦如此稱之，而中國(guó)人民銀行稱為行長(zhǎng)，歐盟央行稱為主席(President)，在香港金融管理局和新加坡金融管理局則是總裁(Chief Executive/Managing Director)。