【BBC紀(jì)錄片】佛教寶地 第9期:僧伽的初次體驗(yàn)

My first experience of the Sangha came at what feltlike an ungodly hour.

一大清早，我對(duì)僧伽的初次體驗(yàn)便開始了。

At Boudhanath every morning, just after dawn,monks of all ages gather to perform the first ofmany rituals of the day.

每天清晨，博德納的僧侶們無論長(zhǎng)幼都會(huì)聚集在一起誦經(jīng)，進(jìn)行當(dāng)天的第一項(xiàng)儀式。

The Sangha is one of the oldest continuously activespiritual organizations in the world.

僧伽是世上最古老且延續(xù)至今的宗教組織之一。

What's being recited here is a Tara Puja, it's a chant that aims to ensure a kind of liberationfrom suffering.

他們正在吟誦的是度母經(jīng)。此經(jīng)文旨在助眾生脫離苦海。

And it's really interesting, because "Tara" is thought to be a female manifestation of Buddha'swisdom, something which is incredibly potent.

這很有意思，因?yàn)?ldquo;度母”被認(rèn)為是佛陀智慧的女性化身，她具有無邊法力。

I mean, this isn't just an abstract idea of wisdom, this is thought to be healing, to actually bestronger than medicine itself.

我的意思是，度母不僅是智慧的抽象概念，而是被視為治愈者，一種遠(yuǎn)比藥物更加強(qiáng)大的力量。

The Sangha includes women and was set up to allow those who wish to practise Buddha'steachings a disciplined environment and maximum time to focus on the philosopher's ideas,

僧伽群體包括女性成員，而僧團(tuán)的建立給渴望踐行佛陀教誨的人們提供了一個(gè)有節(jié)律約束的環(huán)境，使得她們有充足的時(shí)間專注于先哲們的思想，

free from the responsibilities and distractions of a domestic or conventional lifestyle.

不必受困于家務(wù)責(zé)任，并擺脫世俗的干擾。

A few miles outside Kathmandu, Ani, the singing nun, runs her own nunnery.

在加德滿都城外幾英里處，歌尼阿尼管理著她自己的庵寺。

It's a refuge for girls, many as young as ten, the age both sexes can embark on the life of aBuddhist novice.

這是女孩們的避難所，很多人只有十歲。在這個(gè)年齡不論男女都可以開始修行生涯，成為新教徒。

I have here mostly girls from families who are facing some difficulties, obviously poverty.

我這里大多數(shù)的女孩都來自家境有困難的家庭，主要是因?yàn)樨毟F。

And the other thing is the fathers are often very ignorant.

抑或是因?yàn)槊擅翢o知的父親。

They get carried away with the alcoholic behaviour, as well. Very abusive behaviours.

他們會(huì)因酗酒而失去理智，繼而做出虐待孩子的暴行。

And they do not think that it is good to send their girls to school,

甚至覺得送女孩去讀書沒什么好處，

so I try to collect them here, and give them as much as I can give them.

所以我盡力收留她們，盡我所能去幫助她們。

Controversial for its time was the inclusion of women among the ranks of the Sangha.

是否接納女性加入僧團(tuán)曾經(jīng)是個(gè)很有爭(zhēng)議的問題。

The Buddha allowed women to become nuns, to lead a life devoted to spiritual development.

佛陀允許女性成為比丘尼，讓她們?nèi)耐度氲骄裥扌兄小?/p>

Like Buddhist monks, nuns are expected to remain celibate, pure,

和僧侶一樣，比丘尼也要保持獨(dú)身與純潔。

since they are one of the three jewels of Buddhism, not just Buddha's foot-soldiers, but anincarnation of the belief system itself.

因?yàn)樗齻兪欠鸾倘龑氈?，不僅意味他們是著佛陀腳下的茫茫一卒，更是這信仰系統(tǒng)本身的一種體現(xiàn)。

So, I've learnt about two of the three jewels of Buddhism.

至此，我已經(jīng)了解到佛教三寶中的兩寶。

The Sangha and the life of the Buddha.

“僧寶”與“佛寶”。

But what about the third jewel, the Dharma, or teachings?

但第三寶——“法寶”，或者說佛陀的教誨又該如何理解呢?