帕克太陽(yáng)探測(cè)器從它的太陽(yáng)軌道發(fā)回圖像

帕克太陽(yáng)探測(cè)器從它的太陽(yáng)軌道發(fā)回圖像

NASA's Parker Solar Probe launched a year ago on a mission to touch the sun. Since that fiery early morning liftoff with the mission's namesake, Eugene Parker, in attendance, the probe has made two full orbits of the sun, according to NASA.

美國(guó)宇航局的帕克太陽(yáng)探測(cè)器于一年前發(fā)射，任務(wù)是接觸太陽(yáng)。據(jù)美國(guó)國(guó)家航空航天局稱，自從與該任務(wù)同名的尤金·帕克在泛紅的凌晨升空后，這顆探測(cè)器已經(jīng)繞太陽(yáng)運(yùn)行了兩圈。

Humanity's first mission to a star is also the first mission to be named in honor of a living person. The pioneering astrophysicist, now 92, established a new field of solar research, heliophysics, in the 1950s. He was the first the theorize solar wind, the flow of charged gases from the sun, present in most of the solar system.

人類對(duì)一顆恒星的第一個(gè)任務(wù)也是第一個(gè)以活人命名的任務(wù)。這位92歲的天體物理學(xué)先驅(qū)在20世紀(jì)50年代創(chuàng)立了一個(gè)新的太陽(yáng)研究領(lǐng)域——太陽(yáng)物理學(xué)。他是第一個(gè)提出太陽(yáng)風(fēng)理論的人，太陽(yáng)風(fēng)是來(lái)自太陽(yáng)的帶電氣體流，存在于太陽(yáng)系的大部分區(qū)域。

The probe is on a seven-year mission to unlock the mysteries of the sun.

該探測(cè)器正執(zhí)行為期7年的任務(wù)，以解開太陽(yáng)之謎。

As Nicky Fox, director of NASA's Heliophysics Division, said, "one year down, six to go."

正如美國(guó)宇航局太陽(yáng)物理學(xué)部門主任尼基·?？怂顾f(shuō)，“一年過(guò)去了，還有六年。”

But the first year has already provided scientists with a plethora of data.

但第一年已經(jīng)為科學(xué)家們提供了許多的數(shù)據(jù)。

"We're very happy," Fox said. "We've managed to bring down at least twice as much data as we originally suspected we'd get from those first two perihelion passes."

“我們很高興，”福克斯說(shuō)。“我們已經(jīng)設(shè)法帶回了至少兩倍于我們最初估計(jì)的前兩次近日點(diǎn)通行證的數(shù)據(jù)。”

The observations and data could provide insight about the physics of stars, change what we know about the mysterious corona, increase understanding of solar wind and help improve forecasting of major space weather events. Those events can affect satellites and astronauts as well as the Earth -- including power grids and radiation exposure on airline flights, NASA said.

這些觀測(cè)和數(shù)據(jù)可以提供關(guān)于恒星物理學(xué)的見解，改變我們對(duì)神秘日冕的了解，增進(jìn)對(duì)太陽(yáng)風(fēng)的了解，并有助于改進(jìn)對(duì)主要太空天氣事件的預(yù)測(cè)。NASA表示，這些事件會(huì)影響衛(wèi)星、宇航員以及地球，包括電網(wǎng)和航空飛行中的輻射暴露。

Solar wind screams past Earth at a million miles per hour, and disturbances can cause disruptive space weather that affects our planet.

太陽(yáng)風(fēng)以每小時(shí)一百萬(wàn)英里的速度呼嘯而過(guò)地球，擾動(dòng)會(huì)造成破壞性的太空天氣，影響我們的星球。

Surveys by the National Academy of Sciences have estimated that a solar event with no warning could cause $2 trillion in damage in the United States and leave parts of the country without power for a year.

美國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)院(National Academy of Sciences)的調(diào)查估計(jì)，一場(chǎng)沒有預(yù)警的太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)可能給美國(guó)造成2萬(wàn)億美元的損失，并導(dǎo)致美國(guó)部分地區(qū)停電一年。

The mission's objectives include "tracing the flow of energy that heats and accelerates the sun's corona and solar wind, determining the structure and dynamics of the plasma and magnetic fields at the sources of the solar wind and explore mechanisms that accelerate and transport energetic particles."

該任務(wù)的目標(biāo)包括“追蹤加熱和加速太陽(yáng)日冕和太陽(yáng)風(fēng)的能量流，確定太陽(yáng)風(fēng)來(lái)源的等離子體和磁場(chǎng)的結(jié)構(gòu)和動(dòng)力學(xué)，探索加速和輸送高能粒子的機(jī)制。”

"The data we're seeing from Parker Solar Probe's instruments is showing us details about solar structures and processes that we have never seen before," said project scientist Nour Raouafi of the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. "Flying close to the Sun -- a very dangerous environment -- is the only way to obtain this data, and the spacecraft is performing with flying colors."

約翰霍普金斯大學(xué)應(yīng)用物理實(shí)驗(yàn)室的項(xiàng)目科學(xué)家Nour Raouafi說(shuō):“我們從帕克太陽(yáng)探測(cè)器的儀器中得到的數(shù)據(jù)向我們展示了我們從未見過(guò)的太陽(yáng)結(jié)構(gòu)和過(guò)程的細(xì)節(jié)。”“接近太陽(yáng)飛行——一個(gè)非常危險(xiǎn)的環(huán)境——是獲得這些數(shù)據(jù)的唯一途徑，而航天器的表現(xiàn)非常出色。”