第24章　語　序 24.2　一些常見的倒裝句

24.2　一些常見的倒裝句

24.2.1　一些倒裝句型

1) 由引導(dǎo)詞there引導(dǎo)的句子：

There's an outdoor concert tonight in the park. 今晚公園里有一個露天音樂會。

Have there been any fresh developments of the project? 這項計劃有什么新的進(jìn)展嗎？

In 1859 there came a war between the two countries. 1859年兩國間發(fā)生了一場戰(zhàn)爭。

In the distance there was heard the lowing of the cattle. 遠(yuǎn)處可聽到牛叫聲。

關(guān)于這類句子可參閱第19.4.1—19.4.4節(jié)。

2) 由there，here，now，then等副詞引導(dǎo)的句子：

There come the rest of the party. 剩下的人都來了。

There's the bell. 鈴響了。

Here is the address of your hotel. 這兒是你旅館的地址。

Here are my replies to your questions. 這兒是我對你問題的回答。

Here comes a bus. 來了一輛公共汽車。

Now comes your turn. 現(xiàn)在輪到你了。

Then came the day of his examination. 這時他考試的日子到了。

Then opens an epoch of social revolution. 這時開始了一個社會革命的時代。

3) 由so，neither，nor引導(dǎo)的句子：

He's a teacher and so is his wife. 他是位教師，他妻子也是。

I've been to New York. "So have I." “我去紐約了？” “我也是？”

I like singing and so does Helen. 我喜歡唱歌，海倫也喜歡。

I don't eat meat and neither does Tom. 我不吃肉，湯姆也不吃肉。

James didn't attend the meeting and neither did Jane. 詹姆斯沒去開會，簡也沒去。

I haven't seen that film. "Neither (Nor) have I." “我沒看過那部電影？” “我也沒有？”

I don't like football. "Nor do I." “我不喜歡足球？” “我也是？”

I couldn't afford to stay there. "Nor could I." “我住不起那里？” “我也住不起？”

Nor will I deny that. 我也不會否認(rèn)這一點。

24.2.2　一些狀語從句中的倒裝語序

1) 有些由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句（主要是包含有were，had，should的從句），可以把if省略，把上述動詞放到主語前面去：

Weren't it for their assistance, we wouldn't be able to do so well. 若不是有他們幫助，我們不會干得這樣好。

Had we got there earlier, we would have caught the train. 要是我們到得早一點，我們就趕上火車了。

Should Mary call, say that I'll be back in an hour. 如果瑪麗來電話，就說我一個小時后回來。

Were I Tom, I would refuse. 如果我是湯姆，我會拒絕。

Should you require anything, just give me a call. 如果你需要什么，給我打個電話就行。

Had he known that, he would have told you. 他要是知道這事，他早就告訴你了。

這是比較文氣的說法，口語中仍以用if比較自然。

2) 有些讓步狀語從句中有時也有倒裝的情況（主要是把表語或部分謂語提前）：

Clever though he was, he couldn't conceal his eagerness for praise. 雖說他很聰明，卻不能掩飾他亟于獲得贊揚(yáng)的神情。

Strange though it may seem, the tallest boy is the youngest. 盡管說來奇怪，最高的男孩卻是最年少的。

Try as I would, I couldn't make her change her mind. 不管多努力，我都沒法讓她改變主意。

Try as he might, he couldn't open the box. 不管他想什么辦法，都沒法把那箱子打開。

Talented as he is, he is not yet ready to turn professional. 盡管他有天賦，他還沒有拿定主意當(dāng)職業(yè)演員。

Search as they would, they could find no one in the woods. 盡管他們努力搜尋，在林子中都找不到一個人。

24.2.3　某些副詞或狀語引導(dǎo)的倒裝句

1) 某些有否定意思的副詞，若放在句首，句子常用倒裝語序：

Never would he know what she had suffered. 他絕不會知道她受過的苦。

Never before has such a high standard been achieved. 以前從未達(dá)到過這樣高的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

Seldom have I seen such brutality. 我很少見過這樣殘忍的行為。

Little does he care whether we live or die. 他絲毫不在乎我們的死活。

Nowhere could I find him. 我哪兒都找不到他。

Scarcely was she out of sight when he came. 她剛走掉他就來了。

Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining. 他剛到她就開始訴苦。

Only then could the work be seriously begun. 只有那時這工作才能真正開始。

Not only did he work faster, he worked better also. 他不僅干得更快，干得更好。

Not once has he failed to fulfil his task. 他沒有一次不完成任務(wù)的。

Rarely does the temperature go above ninety here. 這里的溫度很少達(dá)到九十度。

2) 有個別其他副詞放在句首時，有時也有這個現(xiàn)象：

Often would she (she would) weep when alone. 她一個人時常?？奁?。

Well do I remember the days when we were at school together. 我清楚地記得我們一起讀書時的情景。

Bitterly did he repent that decision. 他深深地悔恨那個決定。

Gladly would I give my life to save the child! 我愿犧牲自己來救那孩子！

Brightly shone the moon that night. 那天晚上月亮特別亮。

這類句子多出現(xiàn)在書面語中，在日常口語中這樣說時較少。

3) 有些短語（特別是介詞短語）移到句首時也可能引導(dǎo)倒裝語序：

On no account must we give up this attempt. 我們絕不能放棄這個努力。

Under no circumstances must we relax our vigilance. 在任何情況下我們都不能放松警惕。

In no circumstances could we agree to such a principle. 在任何情況下我們都不能同意這樣一個原則。

In vain did he try to open the locked door. 他設(shè)法打開那扇鎖著的門但沒成功。

Only in this way can our honour be saved! 只有這樣才能保住我們的榮譽(yù)！

Not until yesterday did I learn anything about it. 直到昨天我才對這件事有所了解。

At no point south of the river did the enemy advance more than a mile. 在江的南邊任何地方敵人推進(jìn)都不到一英里。

So bright was the moon that the flowers were bright as by day. 月亮是那樣亮，花都像在白天那樣艷麗。

24.2.4　一些謂語前移的情況

1) 有些句子沒有賓語而主語又比較長，有時可把狀語提前，而把主語放到謂語后面去：

Before him lay miles of undulating moorland. 他面前是一片高低起伏的荒原。

After the banquet came a firework display in the garden. 宴會后花園里燃放了煙火。

On the table stood two glasses and an empty brandy bottle. 桌上有兩個玻璃杯和一只白蘭地空酒瓶。

On every side stretched fields of luxuriant green wheat. 四周都是蔥籠的麥田。

From the distance came occasional shots. 從遠(yuǎn)處傳來零星的槍聲。

To the list may be added the following names. 名單上還可以加上以下這些名字。

In the distance could be seen the purple mountains. 遠(yuǎn)處可以看見紫色的群山。

2) 為了使描繪顯得更生動，有些與介詞同形的副詞可以移到句首，而把主語放到謂語后面去：

Up went the arrow into the air. 颼的一聲箭射上了天。

She rang the bell. In came a girl she had not seen before. 她按鈴，進(jìn)來一個她從未見過的姑娘。

Following the roar, out rushed a tiger from the bushes. 一聲吼叫，草叢中呼地沖出一只老虎。

Out sprang the cuckoo. 布谷鳥蹦了出來。

Down flew the eagle to seize the chicken. 老鷹飛下來抓小雞。

24.2.5　分詞和表語移到句首的情況

1) 進(jìn)行時態(tài)中的分詞有時可移到句首，來對這動作加以強(qiáng)調(diào)：

Lying on the floor was a boy aged about seventeen. 躺在地板上的是一個約十七歲的男孩。

Standing beside the table was an interpreter. 站在桌旁的是一位翻譯。

Hanging from the rafters were strings of onions. 椽子上掛著一串串洋蔥。

Running across it is a stream named Peach Brook. 穿過這里有條小溪，叫作桃花溪。

Watching the performances were mostly foreign tourists. 觀看演出的大多是一些外國游客。

2) 以過去分詞作表語的句子，過去分詞有時也可以提前，把主語放到后面去：

The most widely distributed is the Hui people. 分布最廣的是回族。

Seated on the ground are a group of young people. 坐在地上的是一伙年輕人。

Hidden underground is a wealth of gold, silver, lead and zinc. 地下埋藏著大量的金、銀、鉛和鋅。

Pictured here is a wooden tub used for gathering water-chestnuts. 這里畫的是一個采菱用的木盆。

Scattered like stars in the deep mountains are numerous reservoirs and ponds. 在深山里有無數(shù)星羅棋布的水庫和蓄水池。

3) 作表語的介詞短語有時也可以提前：

On the other side is northern Xinjiang. 在另一邊是北疆。

Among its products are farm machines and mining equipment. 它的產(chǎn)品中有農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械和采礦設(shè)備。

Next to it is another restaurant where we can have Chinese food. 它隔壁是另一家餐館，在那里可以吃中餐。

Around the lake are a huge number of farms. 湖四周有為數(shù)眾多的農(nóng)場。

Near the southern end of the village was a large pear orchard. 靠近村子南頭有一座大梨園。

4) 其他表語也可提前：

Higher up were forests of white birches. 再往上去是一片片白樺林。

Nearby are houses built by the peasants themselves. 附近是農(nóng)民自己蓋的房子。

Worst of all is the humiliations he suffered. 最不堪的是他經(jīng)受的許多屈辱。

Below is a restaurant. 樓下是一家餐廳。

Southwest of the reservoir were 2,000 mu of sandy wasteland. 水庫西南有兩千畝沙荒地。

24.2.6　其他倒裝句

1) 還有一些其他類型的倒裝句，如表示祝愿的句子：

Long live world peace! 世界和平萬歲！

May you have a long and happy life. 祝你幸福長壽。

2) 又如在間接引語后的插入語中，主語有時可放在謂語后面：

I do hope, said Nancy, "they haven't all forgotten about it." 南希說，“我真希望他們沒把這事完全忘掉？”

You've eaten so much! cried Frank. 弗蘭克叫道，“你吃了這么多？”

You're late, whispered Jack. “你遲到了？”杰克低聲說。

I'm aware of it, replied the Englishman.“這我知道？”那英國人答道。

3) 有時為了修辭上的考慮，表語也可以提前：

Very grateful we are for your help. 我們非常感謝你的幫助。

A very reliable person he is, to be sure. 他是個非?？煽康娜?，沒問題。

So sudden was the attack (that) we had no time to escape. 襲擊那樣突然，我們沒有時間逃走。

Such was his strength that he could bend iron bars. 他力氣那么大，連鐵棍都能擰彎。