劉文勇GRE寫(xiě)作Argument題庫(kù) Day 10

Day 10 Twenty years ago, Dr. Field, a noted anthropologist, visited the island of Tertia

Twenty years ago, Dr. Field, a noted anthropologist, visited the island of Tertia. Using an observation-centered approach to studying Tertian culture, he concluded from his observations that children in Tertia were reared by an entire village rather than by their own biological parents. Recently another anthropologist, Dr. Karp, visited the group of islands that includes Tertia and used the interview-centered method to study child-rearing practices. In the interviews that Dr. Karp conducted with children living in this group of islands, the children spent much more time talking about their biological parents than about other adults in the village. Dr. Karp decided that Dr. Field's conclusion about Tertian village culture must be invalid. Some anthropologists recommend that to obtain accurate information on Tertian child-rearing practices, future research on the subject should be conducted via the interview-centered method.

Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.

五問(wèn)：

（1）“Some anthropologists recommend that to obtain accurate information on Tertian child-rearing practices, future research on the subject should be conducted via the interview-centered method”是結(jié)論，其余部分是事實(shí)，值得反駁嗎？

（2）不同的研究方法之間，各有優(yōu)劣，但并無(wú)高低。觀察法的好處與壞處分別是什么？觀察法的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是可以直觀、及時(shí)地觀察問(wèn)題，但受到時(shí)間與觀察者自身因素的限制。訪談法的好處與壞處分別是什么？訪談法可以對(duì)研究的內(nèi)容有更廣泛更深層次的了解，但是談話過(guò)程需要技巧，也會(huì)耗費(fèi)大量的時(shí)間和精力。思考以上兩個(gè)問(wèn)題是解答本題的基礎(chǔ)。

（3）Dr. Karp的研究包含但不僅限于 Tertia這個(gè)島上的孩子，這樣得出的結(jié)論一定適合 Tertia這個(gè)特定的島嶼嗎？集體的特質(zhì)一定適合個(gè)體嗎？

（4）孩子們更多地談及自己的親生父母，就意味著他們一定是由親生父母撫養(yǎng)長(zhǎng)大的嗎？孩子回答的內(nèi)容是什么并未具體說(shuō)明，如果孩子談?wù)摰氖撬寄罡改富蛘吆透改敢?jiàn)面次數(shù)少呢？直接以孩子作為訪談對(duì)象，有什么不好的地方？例如：采訪的話題是否會(huì)引導(dǎo)孩子談?wù)撟约旱母改福?/p>

（5）想進(jìn)一步地了解一個(gè)事物，一直使用同一種研究方法合適嗎？觀察法得出的結(jié)論是在 20年前得出的， 20年間該地的風(fēng)俗是否會(huì)發(fā)生變化？如果有變化，能說(shuō) 20年前的觀點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的嗎？