劉文勇GRE寫作Argument題庫 Day 41

Day 41 A ten-year nationwide study of the effectiveness of wearing a helmet while bicycling indicates that ten years ago, approximately 35 percent of all bicyclists reported wearing helmets

The following appeared in a health newsletter.

“A ten-year nationwide study of the effectiveness of wearing a helmet while bicycling indicates that ten years ago, approximately 35 percent of all bicyclists reported wearing helmets, whereas today that number is nearly 80 percent. Another study, however, suggests that during the same ten-year period, the number of bicycle-related accidents has increased 200 percent. These results demonstrate that bicyclists feel safer because they are wearing helmets, and they take more risks as a result. Thus, to reduce the number of serious injuries from bicycle accidents, the government should concentrate more on educating people about bicycle safety and less on encouraging or requiring bicyclists to wear helmets.”

Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.

五問：

（1）“A ten-year nationwide study of the effectiveness of wearing a helmet while bicycling indicates that ten years ago, approximately 35 percent of all bicyclists reported wearing helmets, whereas today that number is nearly 80 percent. Another study, however, suggests that during the same ten-year period, the number of bicycle-related accidents has increased 200 percent”是事實(shí)， “Thus, to reduce the number of serious injuries from bicycle accidents, the government should concentrate more on educating people about bicycle safety and less on encouraging or requiring bicyclists to wear helmets”是結(jié)論，值得反駁嗎？

（2）對于原文給出的第一項調(diào)查研究，我們能否簡單地依據(jù)人們的報告來判定戴頭盔的自行車手的比例？戴了頭盔的自行車手一定愿意告訴別人自己戴了頭盔嗎？原文給出的第二項研究中提到的與自行車相關(guān)的事故一定是由自行車手導(dǎo)致的嗎？或者說一定與自行車手本身相關(guān)嗎？

（3）原文使用了兩項調(diào)查研究進(jìn)行對比，并且也強(qiáng)調(diào)了兩項研究的時間段一致；但是同學(xué)們應(yīng)當(dāng)思考，兩項研究僅僅時間段一致就能夠用于對比了嗎？你能想出可能影響兩項調(diào)查研究進(jìn)行對比的要素嗎？例如：樣本的選擇可能并不一致。

（4）發(fā)生更多的車禍一定是因?yàn)榇髁祟^盔的自行車手更大膽了嗎？你能否想出其他可能導(dǎo)致自行車手的安全事故增多的原因？例如：開車的司機(jī)不遵守交通規(guī)則，沒有專用的自行車道等。

（5）政府推行的兩項措施之間一定是非此即彼的關(guān)系嗎？如果兩項措施都能被證明對自行車手的安全有利，這兩項措施是否應(yīng)當(dāng)同時被推行？