THE HAPPY FAMILY
Really, the largest green leaf in this country is a dock-leaf; if one holds it
before one, it is like a whole apron, and if one holds it over one's head in
rainy weather, it is almost as good as an umbrella, for it is so immensely
large. The burdock never grows alone, but where there grows one there always
grow several: it is a great delight, and all this delightfulness is snails'
food. The great white snails which persons of quality in former times made
fricassees of, ate, and said, "Hem, hem! how delicious!" for they thought it
tasted so delicate--lived on dock-leaves, and therefore burdock seeds were
sown.
Now, there was an old manor-house, where they no longer ate snails, they were
quite extinct; but the burdocks were not extinct, they grew and grew all over
the walks and all the beds; they could not get the mastery over them--it was a
whole forest of burdocks. Here and there stood an apple and a plum-tree, or
else one never would have thought that it was a garden; all was burdocks, and
there lived the two last venerable old snails.
They themselves knew not how old they were, but they could remember very well
that there had been many more; that they were of a family from foreign lands,
and that for them and theirs the whole forest was planted. They had never been
outside it, but they knew that there was still something more in the world,
which was called the manor-house, and that there they were boiled, and then
they became black, and were then placed on a silver dish; but what happened
further they knew not; or, in fact, what it was to be boiled, and to lie on a
silver dish, they could not possibly imagine; but it was said to be
delightful, and particularly genteel. Neither the chafers, the toads, nor the
earth-worms, whom they asked about it could give them any information--none of
them had been boiled or laid on a silver dish.
The old white snails were the first persons of distinction in the world, that
they knew; the forest was planted for their sake, and the manor-house was
there that they might be boiled and laid on a silver dish.
Now they lived a very lonely and happy life; and as they had no children
themselves, they had adopted a little common snail, which they brought up as
their own; but the little one would not grow, for he was of a common family;
but the old ones, especially Dame Mother Snail, thought they could observe how
he increased in size, and she begged father, if he could not see it, that he
would at least feel the little snail's shell; and then he felt it, and found
the good dame was right.
One day there was a heavy storm of rain.
"Hear how it beats like a drum on the dock-leaves!" said Father Snail.
"There are also rain-drops!" said Mother Snail. "And now the rain pours right
down the stalk! You will see that it will be wet here! I am very happy to
think that we have our good house, and the little one has his also! There is
more done for us than for all other creatures, sure enough; but can you not
see that we are folks of quality in the world? We are provided with a house
from our birth, and the burdock forest is planted for our sakes! I should like
to know how far it extends, and what there is outside!"
"There is nothing at all," said Father Snail. "No place can be better than
ours, and I have nothing to wish for!"
"Yes," said the dame. "I would willingly go to the manorhouse, be boiled, and
laid on a silver dish; all our forefathers have been treated so; there is
something extraordinary in it, you may be sure!"
"The manor-house has most likely fallen to ruin!" said Father Snail. "Or the
burdocks have grown up over it, so that they cannot come out. There need not,
however, be any haste about that; but you are always in such a tremendous
hurry, and the little one is beginning to be the same. Has he not been
creeping up that stalk these three days? It gives me a headache when I look up
to him!"
"You must not scold him," said Mother Snail. "He creeps so carefully; he will
afford us much pleasure--and we have nothing but him to live for! But have
you not thought of it? Where shall we get a wife for him? Do you not think
that there are some of our species at a great distance in the interior of the
burdock forest?"
"Black snails, I dare say, there are enough of," said the old one. "Black
snails without a house--but they are so common, and so conceited. But we might
give the ants a commission to look out for us; they run to and fro as if they
had something to do, and they certainly know of a wife for our little snail!"
"I know one, sure enough--the most charming one!" said one of the ants. "But I
am afraid we shall hardly succeed, for she is a queen!"
"That is nothing!" said the old folks. "Has she a house?"
"She has a palace!" said the ant. "The finest ant's palace, with seven hundred
passages!"
"I thank you!" said Mother Snail. "Our son shall not go into an ant-hill; if
you know nothing better than that, we shall give the commission to the white
gnats. They fly far and wide, in rain and sunshine; they know the whole forest
here, both within and without."
"We have a wife for him," said the gnats. "At a hundred human paces from here
there sits a little snail in her house, on a gooseberry bush; she is quite
lonely, and old enough to be married. It is only a hundred human paces!"
"Well, then, let her come to him!" said the old ones. "He has a whole forest
of burdocks, she has only a bush!"
And so they went and fetched little Miss Snail. It was a whole week before she
arrived; but therein was just the very best of it, for one could thus see that
she was of the same species.
And then the marriage was celebrated. Six earth-worms shone as well as they
could. In other respects the whole went off very quietly, for the old folks
could not bear noise and merriment; but old Dame Snail made a brilliant
speech. Father Snail could not speak, he was too much affected; and so they
gave them as a dowry and inheritance, the whole forest of burdocks, and
said--what they had always said--that it was the best in the world; and if
they lived honestly and decently, and increased and multiplied, they and their
children would once in the course of time come to the manor-house, be boiled
black, and laid on silver dishes. After this speech was made, the old ones
crept into their shells, and never more came out. They slept; the young couple
governed in the forest, and had a numerous progeny, but they were never
boiled, and never came on the silver dishes; so from this they concluded that
the manor-house had fallen to ruins, and that all the men in the world were
extinct; and as no one contradicted them, so, of course it was so. And the
rain beat on the dock-leaves to make drum-music for their sake, and the sun
shone in order to give the burdock forest a color for their sakes; and they
were very happy, and the whole family was happy; for they, indeed were so.
幸福的家庭
這個(gè)國(guó)家里最大的綠葉子,無(wú)疑要算是牛蒡的葉子了。你拿一起放在你的肚皮上,那么它就像一條圍裙。如果你把它放在頭上,那么在雨天里它就可以當(dāng)做一把傘用,因?yàn)樗浅銎娴膶挻蟆E]驈膩?lái)不單獨(dú)地生長(zhǎng);不,凡是長(zhǎng)著一棵牛蒡的地方,你一定可以找到好幾棵。這是它最可愛(ài)的一點(diǎn),而這一點(diǎn)對(duì)蝸牛說(shuō)來(lái)只不過(guò)是食料。
在古時(shí)候,許多大人物把這些白色的大蝸牛做成"碎肉";當(dāng)他們吃著的時(shí)候,就說(shuō):"哼,味道真好!"因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為蝸牛的味道很美。這些蝸牛都靠牛蒡葉子活著;因此人們才種植牛蒡。
現(xiàn)在有一個(gè)古代的公館,住在里面的人已經(jīng)不再吃蝸牛了。所以蝸牛都死光了,不過(guò)牛蒡還活著,這植物在小徑上和花畦上長(zhǎng)得非常茂盛,人們?cè)趺匆矝](méi)有辦法制止它們。這地方簡(jiǎn)直成了一個(gè)牛蒡森林。要不是這兒那兒有幾株蘋(píng)果樹(shù)和梅子樹(shù),誰(shuí)也不會(huì)想到這是一個(gè)花園。處處都是牛蒡;在它們中間住著最后的兩個(gè)蝸牛遺老。
它們不知道自己究竟有多大年紀(jì)。不過(guò)它們記得很清楚:它們的數(shù)目曾經(jīng)是很多很多,而且都屬于一個(gè)從外國(guó)遷來(lái)的家族,整個(gè)森林就是為它們和它們的家族而發(fā)展起來(lái)的。它們從來(lái)沒(méi)有離開(kāi)過(guò)家,不過(guò)卻聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò):這個(gè)世界上還有一個(gè)什么叫做"公館"的東西,它們?cè)谀抢锩姹慌胝{(diào)著,然后變成黑色,最后被盛在一個(gè)銀盤(pán)子里。不過(guò)結(jié)果怎樣,它們一點(diǎn)也不知道。此外,它們也想象不出來(lái),烹調(diào)完了以后盛在銀盤(pán)子里,究竟是一種什么味道。那一定很美,特別排場(chǎng)!它們請(qǐng)教過(guò)小金蟲(chóng)、癩蛤蟆和蚯蚓,但是一點(diǎn)道理也問(wèn)不出來(lái),因?yàn)樗鼈冋l(shuí)也沒(méi)有被烹調(diào)過(guò)或盛在銀盤(pán)子里面過(guò)。
那對(duì)古老的白蝸牛要算世界上最有身份的人物了。它們自己知道森林就是為了它們而存在的,公館也是為了使它們能被烹調(diào)和放在銀盤(pán)子里而存在的。
它們過(guò)著安靜和幸福的生活。因?yàn)樗鼈冏约簺](méi)有孩子,所以就收養(yǎng)了一個(gè)普通的小蝸牛。它們把它作為自己的孩子撫育。不過(guò)這小東西長(zhǎng)不大,因?yàn)樗贿^(guò)是一個(gè)普通的蝸牛而已。但是這對(duì)老蝸牛——尤其是媽媽——覺(jué)得她能看出它在長(zhǎng)大。假如爸爸看不出的話,她要求他摸摸它的外殼。因此他就摸一下;他發(fā)現(xiàn)媽媽說(shuō)的話有道理。
有一天雨下得很大。
"請(qǐng)聽(tīng)牛蒡葉子上的響聲——咚咚咚!咚咚咚!"蝸牛爸爸說(shuō)。
"這就是我所說(shuō)的雨點(diǎn),"蝸牛媽媽說(shuō)。"它沿著梗子滴下來(lái)了!你可以看到,這兒馬上就會(huì)變得潮濕了!我很高興,我們有我們自己的房子;小家伙也有他自己的(注:在丹麥文里,蝸牛的外殼叫做"房子"(huus)。)。我們的優(yōu)點(diǎn)比任何別的生物都多。大家一眼就可以看出,我們是世界上最高貴的人!我們一生下來(lái)就有房子住,而且這一堆牛蒡林完全是為我們而種植的——我倒很想知道它究竟有多大,在它的外邊還有些什么別的東西!"
"它的外邊什么別的東西也沒(méi)有!"蝸牛爸爸說(shuō)。"世界上再也沒(méi)有比我們這兒更好的地方了。我什么別的想頭也沒(méi)有。"
"對(duì),"媽媽說(shuō),"我倒很想到公館里去被烹調(diào)一下,然后放到銀盤(pán)子里去。我們的祖先們都是這樣;你要知道,這是一種光榮呢!"
"公館也許已經(jīng)塌了,"蝸牛爸爸說(shuō),"或者牛蒡已經(jīng)在它上面長(zhǎng)成了樹(shù)林,弄得人們連走都走不出來(lái)。你不要急——你老是那么急,連那個(gè)小家伙也開(kāi)始學(xué)起你來(lái)。你看他這三天來(lái)不老是往梗子上爬么?當(dāng)我抬頭看看他的時(shí)候,我的頭都昏了。"
"請(qǐng)你無(wú)論如何不要罵他,"蝸牛媽媽說(shuō)。"他爬得很有把握。他使我們得到許多快樂(lè)。我們這對(duì)老夫婦沒(méi)有什么別的東西值得活下去了。不過(guò),你想到過(guò)沒(méi)有:我們?cè)谑裁吹胤娇梢詾樗覀€(gè)太太呢?在這林子的遠(yuǎn)處,可能住著我們的族人,你想到過(guò)沒(méi)有?"
"我相信那兒住著些黑蝸牛,"老頭兒說(shuō),"沒(méi)有房子的黑蝸牛!不過(guò)他們都是一幫卑下的東西,而且還喜歡擺架子。不過(guò)我們可以托螞蟻辦辦這件事情,他們跑來(lái)跑去,好像很忙似的。他們一定能為我們的小少爺找個(gè)太太。"
"我認(rèn)識(shí)一位最美麗的姑娘!"螞蟻說(shuō),"不過(guò)我恐怕她不成,因?yàn)樗且粋€(gè)王后!"
"這沒(méi)有什么關(guān)系,"兩位老蝸牛說(shuō)。"她有一座房子嗎?"
"她有一座宮殿!"螞蟻說(shuō)。"一座最美麗的螞蟻宮殿,里面有700條走廊。"
"謝謝你!"蝸牛媽媽說(shuō):"我們的孩子可不會(huì)鉆螞蟻窟的。假如你找不到更好的對(duì)象的話,我們可以托白蚊蚋來(lái)辦這件差事。他們天晴下雨都在外面飛。牛蒡林的里里外外,他們都知道。"
"我們?yōu)樗业搅艘粋€(gè)太太,"蚊蚋說(shuō)。"離這兒100步路遠(yuǎn)的地方,有一個(gè)有房子的小蝸牛住在醋栗叢上。她是很寂寞的,她已經(jīng)夠結(jié)婚年齡。她住的地方離此地只不過(guò)100步遠(yuǎn)!"
"是的,讓她來(lái)找他吧,"這對(duì)老夫婦說(shuō)。"他擁有整個(gè)的牛蒡林,而她只不過(guò)有一個(gè)小醋栗叢!"
這樣,它們就去請(qǐng)那位小蝸牛姑娘來(lái)。她足足過(guò)了八天才到來(lái),但這是一種很珍貴的現(xiàn)象,因?yàn)檫@說(shuō)明她是一個(gè)很正經(jīng)的女子。
于是它們就舉行了婚禮。六個(gè)螢火蟲(chóng)盡量發(fā)出光來(lái)照著。
除此以外,一切是非常安靜的,因?yàn)檫@對(duì)老蝸牛夫婦不喜歡大喝大鬧。不過(guò)蝸牛媽媽發(fā)表了一起動(dòng)人的演說(shuō)。蝸牛爸爸一句話也講不出來(lái),因?yàn)樗艿搅藰O大的感動(dòng)。于是它們把整座牛蒡林送給這對(duì)年輕夫婦,作為遺產(chǎn);并且說(shuō)了一大套它們常常說(shuō)的話,那就是——這地方是世界上最好的一塊地方,如果它們要正直地,善良地生活和繁殖下去的話,它們和它們的孩子們將來(lái)就應(yīng)該到那個(gè)公館里去,以便被煮得*?黑、放到銀盤(pán)子上面。
當(dāng)這番演說(shuō)講完了以后,這對(duì)老夫婦就鉆進(jìn)它們的屋子里去,再也不出來(lái)。它們睡著了。
年輕的蝸牛夫婦現(xiàn)在占有了這整座的森林,隨后生了一大堆孩子。不過(guò)它們從來(lái)沒(méi)有被烹調(diào)過(guò),也沒(méi)有到銀盤(pán)子里去過(guò)。因此它們就下了一個(gè)結(jié)論,認(rèn)為那個(gè)公館已經(jīng)塌了,全世界的人類都已經(jīng)死去了。誰(shuí)也沒(méi)有反對(duì)它們這種看法,因此它們的看法一定是對(duì)的。雨打在牛蒡葉上,為它們發(fā)現(xiàn)咚咚的音樂(lè)來(lái)。太陽(yáng)為它們發(fā)出亮光,使這牛蒡林增添了不少光彩。這樣,它們過(guò)得非常幸福——這整個(gè)家庭是幸福的,說(shuō)不出地幸福!
(1844年)
這是一起小品,具有深刻的諷刺意義,最初發(fā)表在《新的童話》里。被人養(yǎng)著當(dāng)作食物的蝸牛,"坐井觀天",認(rèn)為"世界上再也沒(méi)有比我們這兒(公館院子里的牛蒡樹(shù)叢)更好的地方了。""我們很想到公館里去被烹調(diào)一下,然后被放到銀盤(pán)子里去。我們的祖先們都是這樣,你知道這是一種光榮!"有不少人的思想境界大致與這差不多。