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國際關系英語詞匯大全Unit 23

所屬教程:國際關系詞匯

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2015年01月01日

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  Explanation of English Words unit 23

  英語單詞講解 unit 23

  1.Free Trade

  Free trade is a policy in international markets in which governments do not restrict imports or exports. Free trade is exemplified by the European Union / European Economic Area and the North American Free Trade Agreement, which have established open markets. Most nations are today members of the World Trade Organization (WTO) multilateral trade agreements. However, most governments still impose some protectionist policies that are intended to support local employment, such as applying tariffs to imports or subsidies to exports. Governments may also restrict free trade to limit exports of natural resources. Other barriers that may hinder trade include import quotas, taxes and non-tariff barriers, such as regulatory legislation.

  1.自由貿易

  自由貿易是指國與國之間免關稅的貨物及服務流通,與貿易保護主義相反;自由貿易也是全球化的主體。自由貿易在經濟學上的概念包括免關稅及其他貿易壁壘例如進口配額等的國際貿易及服務;勞工及資金在國與國之間的自由流動;無保護本國當地企業(yè),產品及生產因素等的法例、政策、補貼及稅項等;無政府對產權的特別保障等,所以有可能引致大型組織壟斷市場經濟。

  2.Customsunion

  A customs union is a type of trade bloc which is composed of a free trade area with a common external tariff. The participant countries set up common external trade policy, but in some cases they use different import quotas. Common competition policy is also helpful to avoid competition deficiency.

  2.關稅同盟

  關稅同盟是指兩個或兩個以上國家締結協定,建立統(tǒng)一的關境,在統(tǒng)一關境內締約國相互間減讓或取消關稅,對從關境以外的國家或地區(qū)的商品進口則實行共同的關稅稅率和外貿政策[1] 。關稅同盟從歐洲開始,是經濟一體化的組織形式之一。對內實行減免關稅和貿易限制,商品自由流動;對外實行統(tǒng)一的關稅和對外貿易政策。關稅同盟有兩種經濟效應,靜態(tài)效應和動態(tài)效應。

  3.Duty

  In economics, a duty is a kind of tax levied by a state. It is often associated with customs, in which context they are also known as tariffs or dues. The term is often used to describe a tax on certain items purchased abroad.[1] Properly, a duty differs from a tax in being levied on specific commodities, financial transactions, estates, etc. rather than on individuals. Duties may be import duties, excise duties, stamp duties, death or succession duties, etc.; but not such direct impositions as personal income taxes.

  3.關稅

  關稅,是指國家授權海關對出入關境的貨物和物品征收的一種稅。關稅在各國一般屬于國家最高行政單位指定稅率的高級稅種,對于對外貿易發(fā)達的國家而言,關稅往往是國家稅收乃至國家財政的主要收入。


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