[誤] With a comet like him, nothing can be accomplished.
[正] With a jinx like him, nothing can be accomplished.
注:“掃帚星”是中國(guó)人對(duì)“慧星”(comet)的俗稱,因其后面象
拖著的一條像掃帚一樣的長(zhǎng)尾巴而得名。在中國(guó)古代,“掃帚星”
被認(rèn)為是災(zāi)難的預(yù)兆,并被用來(lái)比喻不吉利的人或事;禍根:
(person or thing that is thought to bring)bad luck(to sb/sth);
curse。英語(yǔ)的 comet 雖然沒(méi)有這層含義,但卻有一個(gè)對(duì)應(yīng)的說(shuō)法,
即 jinx。例:There's a jinx on/Someone's put a jinx on this car: it's
always giving me trouble. “這輛汽車上有什么妨人的東西,總給我
找麻煩”。
02.蘿卜青菜,各有所愛(ài)。
[誤] Some prefer radish but others prefer cabbage.
[正] Tastes differ.
注:Tastes differ/vary 是句英語(yǔ)諺語(yǔ),除此以外,原句還可翻譯成:
/No dish suits all tastes.
/ You can never make everyone happy.
/ All things fit not all persons.
/ Every man has his hobbyhorse[liking].
/ Every man[one] to his(own) taste.
/ It is difficult to cater for[to] all tastes.
/ It is hard to suit all tastes.
/ No dish suits all tastes.
/ Some persons like to eat radishes,
others prefer cabbages--people's tastes are various.
/ There is no accounting for tastes.
/ There is no disputing about tastes. 等。《新概念英語(yǔ)》第三冊(cè)
第23課的標(biāo)題是:One man's meat is another man's poison.
03.他一向嘴硬,從不認(rèn)錯(cuò)。
[誤] He has always got a hard mouth and never admit a fault.
[正] He never says uncle.
注:say (cry) uncle: to give up or in; to surrender; to admit
defeat. Mainly used by boys, as when fighting。主要是男孩們
打架時(shí)的用語(yǔ),當(dāng)一方想制服另一方時(shí),就用命令的口氣說(shuō):
“Say uncle!”這時(shí),有的孩子為了表示不服輸,就是不說(shuō)。
后來(lái),say uncle 就成了“服輸”的代名詞,而 not say uncle
就相當(dāng)于“嘴硬”了。
04.老師很喜歡這個(gè)嘴甜的小姑娘。
[誤] The teacher likes this sweet-mouthed little girl very much.
[正] The teacher likes this honey-lipped little girl very much.
注:中國(guó)人喜歡說(shuō)“嘴甜”,但 honey-lipped 更符合英美人的
語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣。
05.同學(xué)們都很討厭他,因?yàn)樗?jīng)常拍老師的馬屁。
[誤] The student all dislike him because he often pats the
teacher's ass.
[正] The students all dislike him because he often licks
the teacher's boots.
注:以前在歐洲,臣民見(jiàn)到國(guó)王與王后往往要葡匐到在,親吻
他們的靴子。后來(lái),人們將 lick the boots 引申為“為了某種目
的而討好某人”,它與漢語(yǔ)的“拍馬屁”含義一樣。在美國(guó)英
語(yǔ)中,“拍馬屁”還有另一種說(shuō)法,即 polish the apple,它典
出以前的學(xué)生用擦亮的蘋果來(lái)討好老師。
06.你聽(tīng)說(shuō)了嗎?邁克把他的女朋友給甩了。
[誤] Have you ever heard that Mike broke up with his girlfriend.
[正] Have you ever heard that Mike dumped his girlfriend.
注:break up with sb. 雖然表示“與某人分手了”,但并沒(méi)說(shuō)明
是誰(shuí)先提出來(lái)的。而 dump 的原意指“傾倒垃圾”,用在這里則
表示像倒垃圾一樣地甩掉。
07.我們要把祖國(guó)建設(shè)成為社會(huì)主義的現(xiàn)代化強(qiáng)國(guó)。
[誤] We will build our motherland into a socialist modern
powerful country.
[正] We will build our motherland into a modern powerful
socialist country.
注:形容詞作為修飾語(yǔ)在漢語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)中都很常用,但使用的
先后次序卻有所不同。在英語(yǔ)中我們一般遵循“靠近原則”,
即越能說(shuō)明本質(zhì)屬性的修飾詞越靠近它所修飾的名詞,當(dāng)從
這一點(diǎn)看不出區(qū)別時(shí),就靠詞的長(zhǎng)短來(lái)決定,短的在前,長(zhǎng)的
在后。原文中最能說(shuō)明“國(guó)家”本質(zhì)的定語(yǔ)是“社會(huì)主義的”,
所以 socialist 要最靠近它所修飾的中心詞。
08.我想要一點(diǎn)白酒。
[誤] I'd like a little bit of white wine.
[正] I'd like a little bit of liquor.
注:漢語(yǔ)的“酒”可指任何酒,包括白酒、葡萄酒、啤酒,
甚至米酒;但英語(yǔ)中則要分別用 liquor,wine,beer及 rice
wine表示。所以要注意,英語(yǔ)的wine與漢語(yǔ)的“酒”是有
區(qū)別的,它僅指葡萄酒。而且 red wine 是紅葡萄酒,white
wine 是白葡萄酒。
09.中華人民共和國(guó)主席
[誤] Chairman of the People's Republic of China
[正] President of the People's Republic of China
注:以前,我們一直將“主席”翻譯為 chairman,例如:
great leader Chairman Mao(偉大領(lǐng)袖毛主席)。其實(shí)
“主席”與 chairman 并不等義,chairman 在英語(yǔ)中通常
指會(huì)議或某一具體組織的負(fù)責(zé)人,它的權(quán)力和重要性不及
中文的“主席”。這就是為什么1983年,在我國(guó)《憲法》
的英譯單行本中開(kāi)始使用 President一詞,并沿用至今。
另外,國(guó)內(nèi)仍有不少詞典把“班/級(jí)長(zhǎng)(學(xué)校的)”譯為
“class monitor”,這是“四人幫”時(shí)代的產(chǎn)物,那時(shí)的
“班長(zhǎng)”是專司監(jiān)管學(xué)生的,所以譯作“monitor”。而
“班長(zhǎng)”的正確譯文應(yīng)該是“class president”。
10.轉(zhuǎn)戰(zhàn)南北
[誤] fight south and north
[正] fight north and south
注:在地理方位的表達(dá)習(xí)慣上,中英文有一定的區(qū)別。中國(guó)
人習(xí)慣于先“東西”后“南北”,而且在涉及“南北”時(shí),
習(xí)慣于先說(shuō)“南”,再說(shuō)“北”,如:“南征北戰(zhàn)”、“南
來(lái)北往”等。而英美人與此正好相反,如“江蘇在中國(guó)的東
南部”英文是 Jiangsu is in the south-east of China, 而“新疆
在中國(guó)的西北部”應(yīng)譯為 Xinjiang is in the north-west of China。
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